Antioxidant Bioactivity of Samsum Ant (Pachycondyla sennaarensis) Venom Protects against CCL₄-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

Abstract

To assess whether SAV could influence the effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) exposure, mice were treated with SAV in doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400 μg/kg body weight and the effects on oxidative status and kidney function were studied. Serum levels of creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and blood urea, together with renal and hepatic levels of MDA, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were quantified in order to evaluate antioxidant activity. Results showed that the group injected with CCL4 exhibited significantly higher levels of oxidative stress markers, MDA, and significantly lower concentrations of GSH, SOD and catalase. SAV was found to significantly improve these oxidative markers, occasionally, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with SAV was associated with the same behaviour in respect to kidney functions which had previously been impaired by CCL4. Histopathological examination demonstrated that SAV, in different groups, improved the renal tissue damage induced by CCL4 and histological scores confirmed that significant improvements were obtained after treatment with SAV, particularly with the lowest dose (100 μg/kg body weight). In conclusion, SAV has the potential capability to restore oxidative stability and to improve kidney functions after CCL4 acute injury.

Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice Is Prevented by Pretreatment with Zinc Sulfate

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The present study also showed that plasma levels of creatinine and BUN were markedly increased in the CCl 4 -treated mice. As in previous studies, we detected acute histological changes in kidney morphology in CCl 4 -treated mice, although the renal damage observed in the current study was milder than that reported in previous studies by others.…”

“…Hermenean et al reported that CCl 4 (at 1.6 g/kg) induced severe renal damage at 24 h after injection, in spite of using a lower dose than that of the present study (4 g/kg). 8) This histological difference implies that the renal injury observed in our study (at 6 h post-CCl 4 ) was an initial phase, with more serious damage accumulating by 24 h post-dose. In addition, we previously showed that severe hepatic disorder was observed at 6 h after CCl 4 administration, 18) suggesting that initial toxicity to kidney was lower than that in liver, even though CCl 4 distribution in kidney is higher than that in liver.…”

“…1) CCl 4 is one of the most extensively studied hepatotoxicants, and the mechanism by which CCl 4 causes hepatotoxicity is well documented. Nonetheless, toxic effects of CCl 4 also are observed in other tissues, including kidney, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] testis, 3,5) and brain. 4) Especially, kidney is likely to be targeted to CCl 4 as well as liver because much amount of CCl 4 is distributed to kidney compared to liver when CCl 4 is administered systemically.…”

Biofabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle fromOchradenus baccatusLeaves: Broad-Spectrum Antibiofilm Activity, Protein Binding Studies, andIn VivoToxicity and Stress Studies

“…It is well established that zinc is an important trace element for all biological systems as it is involved in various biochemical and metabolic functions including copper zinc superoxide dismutase, digestion and absorption of food, hormonal homeostasis, immunity, general growth, and development [40,60]. In the present work, it seems that the green synthesized nanoparticles improve SOD activity and assist in absorption and digestion of the food in the treated animals.…”

“…All the doses were given by intraperitoneal mode using 1 ml insulin syringe. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), an established hepatotoxicant, was chosen as positive control for liver damage [40]. In the present study, dose and the duration of treatment were chosen to investigate if the nanoparticles induced any toxicity in the animals after repeated dose or not.…”