Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff Fruit

Abstract

BackgroundPhaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (Thymelaceae) originates from Papua Island, Indonesia and grows in tropical areas. The different parts of the fruit of P. macrocarpa were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities.MethodsPhaleria macrocarpa fruit were divided into pericarp, mesocarp and seed. All parts of the fruit were reflux extracted with methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were characterized in various in vitro model systems such as FTC, TBA, DPPH radical, reducing power and NO radical. Anti-inflammatory assays were done by using NO production by macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ and cytotoxic activities were determined by using several cancer cell lines and one normal cell lineResultsThe results showed that different parts (pericarp, mesocarp, and seed) of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit contain various amount of total phenolic (59.2 ± 0.04, 60.5 ± 0.17, 47.7 ± 1.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW) and flavonoid compounds (161.3 ± 1.58, 131.7 ± 1.66, 35.9 ± 2.47 mg rutin equivalent/g DW). Pericarp and mesocarp showed high antioxidant activities by using DPPH (71.97%, 62.41%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (92.35%, 78.78%) and NO scavenging activity (65.68%, 53.45%). Ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid tests showed appreciable antioxidant activity in the percentage hydroperoxides inhibitory activity from pericarp and mesocarp in the last day of the assay. Similarly, the pericarp and mesocarp inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthesis with values of 63.4 ± 1.4% and 69.5 ± 1.4% in macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ indicating their notable anti-inflammatory potential. Cytotoxic activities against HT-29, MCF-7, HeLa and Chang cell lines were observed in all parts.ConclusionsThese results indicated the possible application of P. macrocarpa fruit as a source of bioactive compounds, potent as an antioxidant, anti inflammatory and cytotoxic agents.

The Effect of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa) (Scheff.) Fruit Pericarp Extract on Inos in Mice Colon Intermittently-Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate

“…Phaleria macrocarpa known as Mahkota Dewa is a traditional medicinal plant in Indonesia. Literature indicates in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of P. macrocarpa fruit pericarp extract [9]. In vivo study conducted by Tjandrawinata et al showed anti-inflammatory activities of bioactive fraction obtained from a combination of P. macrocarpa and Nigella sativa [10].…”

The Role of Natural Antioxidants in Cancer Disease

“…Analysis of the fruit of Phelaria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff and of Olea europaea L. indicated that all parts of the fruit possess cytotoxic activity against HT-29, MCF-7, HeLa, BPH-1, and Chang cells, indicating that these fruits are a sources of bioactive compounds that are as poOxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases -A Role for Antioxidantstent as antioxidants and antioxidant agents, suggesting its possible use as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of cancer [56,1].…”

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of antitumor activity of methanolic extract of <i>Argyreia nervosa</i> leaves on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

“…A 10% w/v homogenate was prepared in 1.15% KCl. Homogenate was utilized for estimation of glutathione reductase (Ramesh et al, 2012), nitric oxide (Hendra et al, 2011) and total protein count (Kumar et al, 2013a;Kumar et al, 2013b).…”