“…HBAs have a C6-C1 main structure derived directly from benzoic acid and include p-HBAs such as proto-catechuic, vanillic, gallic, and syringic acids, while HCAs are aromatic compounds with a side chain of three carbon atoms (C6-C3), and they are represented by coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and synaptic acids. PA are found in vegetables, and specific HBAs are abundantly found in oilseeds, cereals, coffee beans, cowpeas, blackcurrants, raspberries, skins and seeds of pumpkins, and blackberries, while HCAs are found in coffee beans, cherries, grains, peaches, spinach, citrus fruits, plums, tomatoes, potatoes, and almonds [ 142 , 144 , 145 ].…”