Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases

Abstract

Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older is positively linked to cognitive and biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, and cognitive decline. Oxidative stress is considered as an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant species, which results in molecular and cellular damage. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases. Emerging research evidence has suggested that antioxidant can control the autoxidation by interrupting the propagation of free radicals or by inhibiting the formation of free radicals and subsequently reduce oxidative stress, improve immune function, and increase healthy longevity. Indeed, oxidation damage is highly dependent on the inherited or acquired defects in enzymes involved in the redox-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, the role of molecules with antioxidant activity that promote healthy aging and counteract oxidative stress is worth to discuss further. Of particular interest in this article, we highlighted the molecular mechanisms of antioxidants involved in the prevention of age-related diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the role of antioxidants involved in redox modulation of inflammation would provide a useful approach for potential interventions, and subsequently promoting healthy longevity.

Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Fat/High Fructose Diet-Fed Rats

“…Increased free radical load in NAFLD can affect β-oxidation to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [35]. Accumulation of ROS causes oxidative stress, resulting in protein carbonylation and DNA damage [36]. MDA is produced by lipid peroxidation and considered a marker oxidative stress.…”

Circulating Micronutrient Biomarkers Are Associated With 3 Measures of Frailty: Evidence From the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

“…69 Over time cellular dysregulation eventually manifests at the organ and system level as the functional impairments we commonly associate with frailty. 70 Vitamin D and the B-vitamins are routinely measured in clinical laboratories and have validated recommended dietary reference intakes and clinical biomarker cut-offs for insufficiency and deficiency. Support for lutein (and zeaxanthin) to receive recommended dietary reference intakes from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine is growing, and are likely to be forthcoming in the near future based on the Lupton criteria.…”

Characterization of Antioxidant Potential of Seaweed Extracts for Enrichment of Convenience Food

“…It is present in the cold-temperate waters of the northern hemisphere and can counteract oxidative stress. In fact, several studies have shown that it may act as an antioxidant either by direct scavenging ROS or stimulating the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzyme system [43]. Moreover, some of these studies confirmed the antioxidant effects of seaweed extracts, related to their significant polyphenol content.…”