Antioxidant and inflammatory aspects of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 ): a review

Abstract

The association of cardiovascular events with Lp-PLA2 has been studied continuously today. The enzyme has been strongly associated with several cardiovascular risk markers and events. Its discovery was directly related to the hydrolysis of the platelet-activating factor and oxidized phospholipids, which are considered protective functions. However, the hydrolysis of bioactive lipids generates lysophospholipids, compounds that have a pro-inflammatory function. Therefore, the evaluation of the distribution of Lp-PLA2 in the lipid fractions emphasized the dual role of the enzyme in the inflammatory process, since the HDL-Lp-PLA2 enzyme contributes to the reduction of atherosclerosis, while LDL-Lp-PLA2 stimulates this process. Recently, it has been verified that diet components and drugs can influence the enzyme activity and concentration. Thus, the effects of these treatments on Lp-PLA2 may represent a new kind of prevention of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the association of the enzyme with the traditional assessment of cardiovascular risk may help to predict more accurately these diseases.

Circulating and PBMC Lp-PLA2 Associate Differently with Oxidative Stress and Subclinical Inflammation in Nonobese Women (Menopausal Status)

“…On the other hand, cytokine production particularly IL-6 and IL-1β from PBMCs in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women positively correlated with Lp-PLA 2 activity in plasma and PBMC supernatants. The biological role of Lp-PLA 2 or the activity levels according to the menopausal states are still controversial, but our results may be partly explained by the recent studies demonstrating that Lp-PLA 2 works as an proinflammatory molecules or initiate inflammatory response, and is an independent risk factor for CVD [5], [11], [14], [30], [31]. It is known that circulating Lp-PLA 2 activity is derived from atherosclerotic plaque cells, however our study subjects had not carried cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis or other chronic diseases (i.e.…”

“…The biological role of Lp-PLA 2 is also controversial; initial reports indicated an antiatherogenic effect, whereas growing evidence has demonstrated a role for Lp-PLA 2 as a proinflammatory molecule and an independent risk factor for CVD [5], [11], [14], [30], [31]. Lp-PLA 2 belongs to the expanding superfamily of structurally diverse phospholipase A 2 enzymes, also known as PAF-AH [32].…”

Going into labor and beyond: phospholipase A2 in pregnancy

“…The exact role of the enzyme, pro-or anti-inflammatory, remains enigmatic (Marathe et al 2014) and might depend on association with either LDL or HDL (Lagos et al 2009, Tellis & Tselepis 2009). Serum LpPLA 2 levels are elevated in a number of inflammatory conditions (Vickers et al 2009), but also familiar to hypercholesterolemia and diabetes (Serban et al 2002, Tsimihodimos et al 2002, Silva et al 2011. In pregnancy, elevated serum LpPLA 2 levels have been measured in mothers suffering from pregnancy hypertension, preeclampsia (PE), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) -all are pregnancy-associated diseases.…”

Lp-PLA2 et sPLA2

“…Elle hydrolyse le PAF (platelet activating factor), mais également un large éventail de phospholipides [7]. L'hydrolyse par la Lp-PLA2 produit essentiellement de la lysophosphatidylcholine, qui induit le recrutement monocytaire et la dégranulation des polynucléaires neutrophiles [8]. Les sPLA2 sont également produites par les cellules de l'immunité naturelle (monocytes/macrophages) et adaptative (lymphocytes T) [9], et par les cellules de la paroi vasculaire [38] ( §).…”