Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium by fermentation

Abstract

Objectives : Positive effects of Ginseng has great research attentions such as anticancer, anti-diabetic, antiaging, liver, immune function, CNS, etc. In this study, we investigated Hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium fermented by Bacillus subtilis to establish fermentation conditions for enhancing functionality.Methods : Ginseng Folium were cultivated hydroponic-cultured and were extracted with methanol. We inoculate Bacillus subtilis for fermentation by adding to 0%, 3% and 5% sugar respectively and checked antioxidant activities, total phenolic content and total saponin content in 2 days intervals during 11 days. The antioxidant activities were studied by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl(DPPH) radical, 2, 2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(ABTS) radical scavenging assay and Reducing power assay. We analyzed the Total phenol content, crude saponin content and ginsenoside content. Moreever, Hepatoprotective effects by Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and Glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in Sprague-Dawley rat. Results : The results of DPPH and ABTS were 66.89% and 96.72%, respectively. The reducing power was resulted in optical density of 0.7312 with 3% sugar after 9 days of fermentation. and the concentration at 200 ㎍/㎖. Total phenol content was 36.92㎎/g with 3% sugar after 9 days of fermentation, in which crude saponin content wasn't changed, and ginsenoside content such as Rg3, Re and Rb was increased. Activities of GOT and GPT concentration were decreased in rat.Conclusions : This study suggests that hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium fermented by Bacillus subtilis in 9 days showed significant efficacy of hepato-protection as well as antioxidant compared to the others. In addition, it shows not only improved value but also utilized hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium by fermentation.

Hydroponic Ginseng ROOT Mediated with CMC Polymer-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Cellular Apoptosis via Downregulation of BCL-2 Gene Expression in A549 Lung Cancer Cell Line

“…Therefore, the short-term cultivation of a hydroponic culture results in a higher content of ginsenosides in the roots and leaves [ 40 ]. Hydroponic-cultured ginseng saponins have antioxidant [ 39 ], anti-inflammatory [ 41 ], hepatoprotective [ 42 ], and immunomodulatory activities [ 43 ], but there is no scientific evidence that hydroponic cultured fresh ginseng root is pharmacologically efficacious against lung cancer.…”

Hydroponic Cultured Ginseng Leaves Zinc Oxides Nanocomposite Stabilized with CMC Polymer for Degradation of Hazardous Dyes in Wastewater Treatment

“…Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) is a plant under the family Araliaceae distributed in 35 countries as an herbal medicine for over 2000 years [ 18 ]. Ginseng contains more than 100 bioactive components known as ginsenoside [ 19 ], which has already been proven to have anti-inflammatory [ 20 ], antioxidant [ 21 ], and hepatoprotective [ 22 ] activities, but there is no evidence for wastewater treatment. This study highlighted hydroponically cultured ginseng, and it has been reported that hydroponically cultured ginseng leaves contain a significantly higher amount of ginsenosides than root and stem [ 23 ].…”