Antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma of patients with attack and non-attack periods

Abstract

Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress is an online journal that publishes original research articles, reviews and short reviews on the molecular basis of biophysical, physiological and pharmacological processes that regulate cellular function, and the control or alteration of these processes by the action of receptors, neurotransmitters, second messengers, cation, anions, drugs or disease. Areas of particular interest are four topics. They are; A-Ion Channels (Na +-K + Channels, Clchannels, Ca 2+ channels, ADP-Ribose and metabolism of NAD + , Patch-Clamp applications) B-Oxidative Stress (Antioxidant vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, metabolism of nitric oxide, oxidative stress, biophysics, biochemistry and physiology of free oxygen radicals) C-Interaction Between Oxidative Stress and Ion Channels in Neuroscience (Effects of the oxidative stress on the activation of the voltage sensitive cation channels, effect of ADP-Ribose and NAD + on activation of the cation channels which are sensitive to voltage, effect of the oxidative stress on activation of the TRP channels in neurodegenerative diseases such Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) D-Gene and Oxidative Stress (Gene abnormalities. Interaction between gene and free radicals. Gene anomalies and iron. Role of radiation and cancer on gene polymorphism)

The role of cytokines in migraine: A systematic review

“…Only two studies investigated differences in cytokine levels between patients with episodic and chronic migraine (57,58). One of the studies reported increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in chronic migraine compared to episodic migraine (n = 71), while levels in both groups were higher than in headache-free controls (58).…”

“…In contrast, interictal investigations of IL-1ß levels mainly showed unchanged levels in migraine compared to controls (8,22,24,30,48,53,54,56). Three studies showed increased ictal levels of IL-1ß (8,35,59), while five studies showed unchanged ictal levels compared to the interictal state (9,28,32,33,48).…”

“…Studies investigating TNF-a mostly reported interictally increased levels in a mixed cohort of patients with and without aura compared to controls (13,30,35,56) (Figure 4), while ictal investigation mainly revealed unchanged levels compared to the interictal state (9,13,28,32,33,38,45) (Figure 5). Likewise, majority of studies reported increased IL-6 levels outside attacks in patients with and without aura compared to healthy controls (28,30,32,34,35,43,48,51,(58)(59)(60). Six studies found unchanged IL-6 levels during attacks compared to outside attacks in mixed cohorts of patients with and without aura (8,9,13,32,34,48), while four studies reported increased ictal levels (28,35,53,59).…”

“…Likewise, majority of studies reported increased IL-6 levels outside attacks in patients with and without aura compared to healthy controls (28,30,32,34,35,43,48,51,(58)(59)(60). Six studies found unchanged IL-6 levels during attacks compared to outside attacks in mixed cohorts of patients with and without aura (8,9,13,32,34,48), while four studies reported increased ictal levels (28,35,53,59). In contrast, interictal investigations of IL-1ß levels mainly showed unchanged levels in migraine compared to controls (8,22,24,30,48,53,54,56).…”

“…The most studied pro-inflammatory cytokines were TNF-a (27 studies) (8,9,13,20,(23)(24)(25)27,28,30,32,33,(35)(36)(37)(38)45,(47)(48)(49)51,52,54,(56)(57)(58)(59), followed by IL-6 (20 studies) (8,9,13,24,25,27,28,30,32,34,35,39,47,48,51,53,54,56,(58)(59)(60) and IL-1ß (16 studies) (8,9,(22)(23)…”