Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Phenolic and Flavonoid Rich Medicinal Plants (Fritillaria zagrica and Tulipa kurdica) Bulbs Collected in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abstract

Kurdistan is a closed and stored pool as a buried treasury industrial pharmacy. There are a large number of medicinal plants used in folk medicine by the traditional herbalists to treat varieties of human ailments. Among them, Fritillaria zagrica and Tulipa kurdica had been priced for their local traditional medicinal resources. Fritillaria zagrica Stapf. is a species very closely allied to F. tulipifolia and F. armena. Their flowers dark lurid untesselated, unchequered with a thick bloom outside, purple glaucous outside and at the tips of the petals there is always a bright yellow spot (Weathers, 1911, Ruksans, 2007). F. zagrica Stapf. belongs to the Fritillaria, which is a genus of over 160 species of bulbous plants within the monocot family Liliaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Liu et al., 2012, Hao et al., 2015, Kiani et al., 2015). The species of the Fritillaria genus are distributed especially in the Mediterranean regions and eastern parts of Anatolia and Thrace, the Black Sea, and Central Anatolia in Turkey, and in Iran,