Antioxidant and antimicrobial actions of the clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum L.

Abstract

Purpose of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts as well as the alkaloid fraction of Lycopodium clavatum L. (LC) from Lycopodiaceae growing in Turkey. Antioxidant activity of the LC extracts was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging method at 0.2 mg/ml using microplate-reader assay. Antiviral assessment of LC extracts was evaluated towards the DNA virus Herpes simplex (HSV) and the RNA virus Parainfluenza (PI-3) using Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and Vero cell lines. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts were tested against standard and isolated strains of the following bacteria; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Acinobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis as well as the fungi; Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis. All of the extracts possessed noteworthy activity against ATCC strain of S. aureus (4 lg/ml), while the LC extracts showed reasonable antifungal effect. On the other hand, we found that only the chloroform extract was active against HSV (16-8 lg/ml), while petroleum ether and alkaloid extracts inhibited potently PI-3 (16-4 lg/ml and 32-4 lg/ml, respectively). However, all of the extracts had insignificant antiradical effect on DPPH. In addition, we also analyzed the content of the alkaloid fraction of the plant by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and identified lycopodine as the major alkaloid.

Lycopodium clavatum and Lycopodium complanatum subsp. chamaecyparissus ekstrelerinin antiprotozoal aktivitesi ve sitotoksisitesi

“…We previously screened for antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of LC and LCC extracts [12,13]. Despite the lack of notable antibacterial and antifungal activities, the PE and CHCl 3 extracts exhibited significant antiviral activity against Parainfluenza virus (e.g.…”

“…chamaecyparissus (LCC) growing in Turkey [12,13]. Encouraged by the records on traditional use of several Lycopodium species as anti-infective [3,4,14], we have assessed in vitro growthinhibitory activity of these extracts against clinically relevant stages of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (bloodstream forms), Trypanosoma cruzi (intracellular amastigotes in L6 rat skeletal myoblasts), Leishmania donovani (axenic amastigotes) and Plasmodium falciparum (blood stage forms of K1 strain resistant to chloroquine and pyrimethamine), by determining their IC 50 values, using chloroquine (P. falciparum,), benznidazole (T. cruzi), melarsoprol (T. brucei rhodesiense) and miltefosine (L. donovani) as reference drugs.…”

Chemical composition and thermal properties of Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica gum

“…After cooling, saturated NaCl solution was added to each solution. The mixtures were transferred to a separatory funnel individually and each was extracted with 30 mL of petroleum ether and converted to their methyl ester forms with 20 mL of boron trifluoride-methanol complex reagent [6].…”

“…Herbal medicine has been used to treat diseases because of its therapeutic potential [6]. The different products of PAK (leaves, fruit and gum) are valuable for their medicinal, cosmetic and food value.…”

The effect of heavy metal pollution and presence of Lycopodium annotinum on soil enzyme activity

“…The indirect influence would be connected with releasing other metabolites to the soil, which would modify the species composition and microflora activity, thereby the enzymatic activity of the soil. Club mosses are species containing alkaloids that potentially limit the development of pathogenic microorganisms [11]. But there is no data about their influence on soil microflora.…”