Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Agarwood Trees

Abstract

Several species of Aquilaria and Gyrinops are native to Indonesia and well known as agarwood-producing trees with a high economic value. Their bioactive compounds have a wide spectrum of uses, such as in medicine and cosmetics. These genera have undergone extensive search for novel bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize the endophytic fungi community associated with Aquilaria malaccensis, A. microcarpa, Gyrinops versteegii, and A. crassna trees and investigate their bioactive properties as antioxidant agents and antagonists. A total of 50 fungi were successfully isolated from different tissues of the four species of agarwood-producing trees. Two isolates exhibited strong antioxidant activity, namely, Apodus oryzae (R2MC3A, IC 50 60.92 mg/mL) and Diaporthe sp. (P1DS1[C], IC 50 76.65 mg/mL). Two isolates, Pestalotiopsis theae (P3BS3[B]) and Curvularia sp. (P2CD3A), showed >75% antifungal activity against pathogenic Fusarium solani. The results revealed that endophytic fungi associated with the studied agarwood-producing trees had potential antioxidant and antifungal activities for further applications in biotechnology.

Exploring endophytic fungi from Rhizophora spp leaves for improving plant growth

“…In this investigation, the following process was used to recover endophytic fungi utilizing the surface sterilization method [13]: Leaf samples were washed under running water before being surface sterilized by soaking them in 70% alcohol for 2 minutes and then in 5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes. After being rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, the leaf samples were dried on sterile filter paper.…”

Culturable endophytic fungal assemblages from Styrax sumatrana and Stryax benzoin and their potential as antifungal, antioxidant, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory resources

“…Prior to phytochemical assays for bioactive compounds, fungal extracts were prepared according to the method described by Hidayat et al (2019a), with three replicates for each assay. Antioxidant activities were determined using three approaches: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).…”

“…breast-high diameters between 15 and 25 cm were selected for this study (Slamet et al, 2021). Fragments were collected from plantations in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, at elevations of 800-1,000 m asl and temperatures between 15 and 24 • C. Tree fragments or plant organs (leaves, stems, or bark) were surface sterilized, and their inner parts were cut and planted aseptically on four chloramphenicol-supplemented isolation media: potato dextrose agar, Pachlewski, yeast dextrose agar, and yeast malt extract (Atlas, 2004;Hidayat et al, 2019aHidayat et al, , 2021a; thereafter, successful endophytic fungal isolation was validated (Hidayat et al, 2019a(Hidayat et al, , 2021a. The obtained fungal isolates were deposited in the Indonesian Tropical Forest Culture Collection.…”

Synergistic Growth Inhibition of Herbal Plant Extract Combinations against Candida albicans

“…These traditional medicinal plants are known to have various secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids with antimicrobial activities (Cowan, 1999). Many extracts and chemicals from plants showed antifungal activity (Adfa et al, 2020;Hidayat et al, 2019), antibacterial activity (Ham et al, 2020;Mun et al, 2021), and antibiofilm activity (Ham and Kim, 2018.…”