Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of durian (Durio zibethinusMurr.) pulp, seed and peel flour

Abstract

The unripe pulp, inner peel and seed of durian were used in this study. These are generally not considered edible and must be disposed of as waste. However, they are good sources of bioactive compounds. Flour extracts from the unripe pulp, inner peel, and seed of two durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) varieties, namely, Monthong and Chanee, were analyzed chemically to determine their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capacities. Chanee pulp (CPu) contained a higher TPC (5285.37 ± 517.65 mg GAE/g) than Monthong pulp (MPu), Monthong peel (MP), Monthong seed (MS), Chanee peel (CP) and Chanee seed (CS) (p = 0.0027, 0.0042, 0.0229, 0.0069 and 0.36), respectively. The antioxidant activity of each durian extract was determined against ABTS, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl, and metal ions. The results indicated that the pulp, inner peel and seed of these durian varieties had antioxidant capacities. Murine Raw 264.7 macrophages were used to determine the cytotoxicity of the flour extracts. The extract of CS flour had the lowest cytotoxicity followed by MP, CPu, CP, MPu and MS (p = 0.5926, 0.44, 0.3191, 0.1471 and 0.0014), respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested by anti-nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated cells by co-treating the Raw 264.7 cells with each durian flour extract and LPS. The extract of MP flour had the lowest IC50 against NO production, indicating the highest anti-NO production activity followed by CS, CPu, MPu, CP and MS (p = 0.7473, 0.0104, < 0.0001, 0.0002 and < 0.0001, respectively). The information obtained in this study is useful for researchers to explore more durian varieties in Southeast Asia to find bioactive compounds that might be novel nutraceuticals for antioxidant, anti-inflammation and therapeutic functional food.

Comparative Study of Machine Learning-Based QSAR Modeling of Anti-inflammatory Compounds from Durian Extraction

“…6 Among their therapeutic attributes, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of polyphenols are particularly noteworthy. 7,8 Focusing specifically on durian peel, previous studies have highlighted its exceptional nutritional composition and rich content of bioactive compounds. Feng et al noted the presence of triterpenoids and glycosides in durian peel, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in the RAW 264.7 cell line.…”

“…Additionally, they play a key role in regulating insulin secretion and utilization, leading to improved blood glucose levels. , Moreover, polyphenols contribute to the modulation of intestinal microbiota, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation and enhancing the integrity of the intestinal barrier, an important strategy for addressing gastrointestinal inflammation . Among their therapeutic attributes, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of polyphenols are particularly noteworthy. , …”

Extraction of flavonoids from durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit rinds and evaluation of their antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer properties

“…Among parts of durian fruit, seeds and rinds have garnered attention for their nutritional profile and bioactive compounds (Zhan et al ., 2021; Charoenphun & Klangbud, 2022). Charoenphun & Klangbud (2022) reported that durian seeds and rinds contain high levels of phenolics, conferring antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties.…”

“…Among parts of durian fruit, seeds and rinds have garnered attention for their nutritional profile and bioactive compounds (Zhan et al ., 2021; Charoenphun & Klangbud, 2022). Charoenphun & Klangbud (2022) reported that durian seeds and rinds contain high levels of phenolics, conferring antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Despite their potential commercial utility, durian rinds are often discarded as waste once the edible portions are collected, leading to negative environmental consequences and loss of a valuable resource.…”

“…In Southeast Asian folk medicine, durian fruit has been used to treat various diseases, including infertility, colds, infant fever and bacterial infections (Ho & Bhat, 2015; Ansari, 2016; Zhan et al ., 2021). Therefore, durian can be used for various health‐related applications including neuroprotective, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant agents (Isacson et al ., 2002; Jayakumar & Kanthimathi, 2011; Evary & Nur, 2018; Doraiswamy & Saminathan, 2020; Charoenphun & Klangbud, 2022). The pharmaceutical properties of durian fruit extracts are related to their bioactive components, which include anthocyanins, carotenoids, polyphenols and flavonoids (Liu et al ., 2020; Juarah et al ., 2021; Zhan et al ., 2021).…”