Antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Leucas cephalotes (Roxb.ex Roth) Spreng

Abstract

The whole plant of the methanolic extract from Leucas cephalotes was screened for in vitro antioxidant (using the DPPH method), in vivo analgesic (using hot plate test in mice) and anti-inflammatory (using rat paw edema test) activities. The methanolic extract of Leucas cephalotes (MELC) scavenged the DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The IC 50 value to scavenge DPPH radicals was found to be 421.3µg/ml. A significant (p<0.0005) analgesic activity was observed at 60 min with 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg exhibited maximum activity. The maximum anti-inflammatory response was produced at 3 hr and 2 hr with doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. These results suggest that the methanolic extract from Leucas cephalotes exerts significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which were comparable with standard drugs. O extrato metanólico total de Leucas cephalotes foi submetido à triagem para as atividades antioxidante in vitro (utilizando o método DPPH), analgésica (utilizando teste da placa quente, em camundongos) e antiinflamatória (utilizando teste de edema da pata de rato), nas doses de 200 e 400 mg/kg. O extrato metanólico de Leucas cephalotes (MELC) inativou radicais difenil picril hidrazila (DPPH) de forma dose-dependente. O IC 50 para essa atividade foi de 421,3 µg/mL. Observou-se atividade analgésica significativa (p<0,0005) a 60 minutos, com 200 mg/kg, e, com 400 mg/kg, observou-se atividade máxima. A resposta antiinflamatória máxima foi produzida, respectivamente, em 3 h e 2 h, com doses de 200 e 400 mg/kg. Estes resultados sugerem que o extrato metanólico de Leucas cephalotes apresenta efeitos analgésico e antiinflamatório significativos, comparáveis aos fármacos padrão. Unitermos

Investigations on Leucas cephalotes (Roth.) Spreng. for inhibition of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages and in rat model

“…Our results corroborated with the study conducted by Yadav et al, (2012[ 23 ]) where non-polar fraction of methanolic extract of L. cephalotes significantly reduced the increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in mouse ear tissue homogenate. Baburao et al (2010[ 1 ]) also reported that at doses of 200 and 400 mg/Kg body weight p. o methanolic extract of this plant demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity in a carrageenan induced rat paw edema model. Hence, it can be estimated that mostly the non-polar components viz .…”

“…Considering the anti-inflammatory potential of Leucas cephalotes and its related species viz. Leucas aspera (Kripa et al, 2011[ 14 ]; Baburao et al, 2010[ 1 ]), we evaluated previously the dichloromethane (LCD), ethyl acetate (LCE) and methanol extracts (LCM) of this plant for in vitro pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in RAW 264.7 cells. Results revealed that LCD exhibited significant inhibition of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β production with an IC 50 of 49.3, 46.8 and 49.8 µg/mL respectively as compared to LCE and LCM (IC 50 = 50 to > 100 µg/mL) (Patel et al, 2014[ 19 ]).…”

A Review of Common Medicinal Plants in Chin State, Myanmar

“…Lamiaceae Whole plant Antidote, jaundice, inflammation, asthma, fever, cough, malaria, anemia and sexual weakness in male [11,89] Anti-inflammatory [92,[94][95], analgesic [94], antioxidant [96][97], antimicrobial [98][99][100][101], antifilarial [102], antifertility [103], antiplasmodial [104], hepatoprotective [105], and antidiabetes activities [93,106] 12. Millingtonia hortensis L.f.…”

“…Verma et al studied the fatty acid content of all parts of L. cephalotes by GC/MS and reported the presence of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, azelaic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, tricosanoic acid, lignoceric acid, pentacosanoic acid, cerotic acid, montanic acid, melissic acid [93]. Many biological/pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that, potentially, L. cephalotes has many valuable applications such as anti-inflammatory [92,[94][95], analgesic [94], antioxidant [96][97], antimicrobial [98][99][100][101], antifilarial [102], antifertility [103], antiplasmodial [104], hepatoprotective [105], and antidiabetic remedy [93,106]. Millingtonia hortensis L.f.: M. hortensis, a member of the family Bignoniaceae, is widely distributed and cultivated in many Asian countries.…”

“…Lamiaceae Whole plant Antidote, jaundice, inflammation, asthma, fever, cough, malaria, anemia and sexual weakness in male [11,89] Anti-inflammatory [92,[94][95], analgesic [94], antioxidant [96][97], antimicrobial [98][99][100][101], antifilarial [102], antifertility [103], antiplasmodial [104], hepatoprotective [105], and antidiabetes activities [93,106] 12. Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniaceae Flowers, leaves and roots Headache, heart palpitations, hypertension and diabetes [89] Cytotoxicity [115][116], antioxidant, hepatotoxicity [117], antimicrobial activity [118][119][120], antimutagenic effect [121], and larvicidal activity [122][123] 13.…”