Antioxidant activity of insect gall extracts of Pistacia integerrima

Abstract

Background. Pistacia integerrima (P. integerrina) insect galls are widely used in ayurveda and siddha system of medicine as karkatasringi. The use of leaf galls as a rejuvenator may be attributed to antioxidant property, however there is less scientifi c evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the antioxidant potential of leaf gall extracts (aqueous and ethanol) of P. integerrina, which is extensively used in the preparation of traditional medications. Material and methods. The antioxidant activities of aqueous and ethanolic leaf gall extracts were examined using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl scavenging and ferric reducing power (FRAP) methods. Results. The presences of phenolics, tannins, phytosterols, triterpenoids, saponins, fl avonoids and reducing sugars were identifi ed in both the extracts. In comparison to the aqueous extract, the ethanolic extract had the highest total phenolic and fl avonoid content at 234 ±2.4 mg of GAE/g d.w. and 95.5 ±3.2 mg of QUE/g d.w., respectively. This higher content of total phenolics and fl avonoids found in the ethanolic extract was directly associated with higher antioxidant activity. Conclusion. This study demonstrates the poetnet antioxidant activities of P. integerrima leaf gall extracts. Further, there was a strong association between the higher antioxidant activities with that of higher total phenolic and fl avonoid content in the ethanolic leaf gall extracts of P. integerrima. The results encourage the use of P. integerrima leaf gall extracts for medicinal health, functional food and nutraceuticals applications, due to their antioxidant properties. Future work will be interesting to learn the chemical composition and better understand the mechanism of action of the antioxidants present in the extract for development as a drug for therapeutic application.

Penta-O-Galloyl-β-D-Glucose in Pistacia integerrima Targets AMPK-ULK1 and ERK/STAT3 Signaling Axes to Induce ROS-Independent Autophagic Cell Death in Human Lung Cancer Cells

“…However, ROS elevation upon PI treatment was absent in A549 cells suggesting a different mechanism of action associated with PI that mediates apoptosis in A549 cells ( Figures 3D,E ). We did not observe an increase in ROS probably due to the anti-oxidant properties of Pistacia integerrima , as previously reported ( Eshwarappa et al, 2015 ). To gain insights into the components of cellular machinery that trigger apoptosis upon PI treatment, we investigated other programmed cell death forms that involve autophagy.…”

Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Phytochemicals from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight and Their Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities

“…Furthermore, the TPC and/or TFC were closely associated with antioxidant activities. Phenolics and flavonoids may be the main antioxidant compounds [30]. This finding is consistent with the chemical constituent in each extract and the antioxidant activities of individuals.…”

Evaluating the anticancer potential of ethanolic gall extract of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (combretaceae)

“…[ 12 ] Although the accepted source of Karkatasringi is the galls of Rhus succedanea L. , however Pistacia integerrima and T. chebula are also generally used in the preparations. [ 9 13 ] Gall extracts of T. chebula have been found to possess antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antityrosinase, and antiaging activities. [ 14 15 16 17 18 19 ] In an earlier study it was found that the ethanolic leaf gall extract T. chebula possessed potent anthelmintic activities.…”