Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol and Lipophilic Extracts of Common Fruity Vegetables in Bangladesh

Abstract

The amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in ethanol extracts and antioxidant activity of both ethanol and lipophilic extracts of common fruity vegetables in Bangladesh were studied. Among the ethanol extracts of 15 fruity vegetables, M. oleifera had the highest total polyphenol content (85.05 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) followed by L. acutangula (61.74 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and A. esculentus (48.92 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract). L. acutangula had high a content of flavonoids (14.46 mg (+)catechin equivalent/g extract), which was almost similar to L. siceraria (13.67 mg catechin equivalent/g extract) followed by A. esculentus (11.95 mg catechin equivalent/g extract) and S. melongena (11.42 mg catechin equivalent/g extract). Highest anthocyanins content was in F. hispida (2.22 µmol/g extract) followed by S. melongena (1.04 µmol/g extract). Ethanol extracts of A. esculentus, F. hispida, L. acutangula, L. siceraria, and S. melongena exhib-ited high DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC 50 of 70.4, 64.9, 70.4, 64.9, and 94.3 µg/mL respectively, whereas for the same lipophilic extracts of F. hispida and S. melongena showed lowest (37 µg/mL) IC 50 followed by M. oleifera (47.6 µg/mL), L. siceraria (57.5 µg/mL), and A. esculentus (63.3 µg/mL). These vegetables also showed high reducing powers, NO scavenging and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the top five potential fruity vegetables consist of both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant(s), the order being F. hispida > M. oleifera > A. esculentus, L. acutangula > L. siceraria > and S. melongena.

Antioxidant potential of common leafy vegetables in Bangladesh

“…Highest amount of polyphenols (38.9 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g extract) was found in I. aquatica. The amount of polyphenols in these leafy vegetables was significantly smaller than that of fruity vegetables (Hossain et al 2014). High content of flavonoids (23.2 mg CE (catechin equivalent)/g extract) was found in I. aquatica followed by P. sativum (17.6 mg), L. siceraria (17.2 mg) and B. alba (6.5 mg CE/g extract).…”

“…High content of flavonoids (23.2 mg CE (catechin equivalent)/g extract) was found in I. aquatica followed by P. sativum (17.6 mg), L. siceraria (17.2 mg) and B. alba (6.5 mg CE/g extract). In fruity vegetables, it was highest in Luffa acutangula (14.46 mg) followed by Abelmoschus esculentus (11.9 mg), Solanum melongena (11.4 mg) and Vigna unguiculata (10.2 mg CE/g extract) (Hossain et al 2014). The highest anthocyanin content was found in A. gangeticus (1.15 µmol/g extract) followed by P. sativum, C. album and I. aquatica.…”

Nutrient Compositions, Antioxidant Activity, and Common Phenolics ofSonneratia apetala(Buch.-Ham.) Fruit

“…[34] In previous reports, we showed the IC 50 values for DPPH and/or NO free radical scavenging of various common edible fruits, [6] antidiabetic medicinal plants [7] and common fruity and leafy vegetables. [9,10] It has been found that cysteine, glutathione, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, polyhydroxy aromatic compounds, and aromatic amines reduce and decolorize DPPH by their hydrogen donating ability. [24] …”

“…[5] In previous studies, we reported polyphenols contents and beneficial effects of edible fruits, [6] antidiabetic plants, [7,8] fruity and leafy vegetables. [9,10] We also reported antihyperglycemic effects of (+)-catechins. [11,12] However, various surveys show that about 7000 plants species across the world are cultivated or harvested apart from the wild for food production.…”

“…In previous reports, we categorized common fruity and leafy vegetables depending on their content of both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants. [9,10] Chemical compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids etc.…”