Antioxidant Activity and Standardization of Extraction Solvents of SJ004

Abstract

Objectives SJ004 is a natural herbal medicine that contains Acyranthes japonica Nakai and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver traditionally used for joint and spinal diseases. This study aimed to establish an efficient method of extracting SJ004 to standardize using the yield, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant assay. Methods SJ004 was extracted with distilled water, 70% and 100% of ethyl alcohol (EtOH). The method validation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside was determined by HPLC-photo diode array and the content of SJ004 was calculated. The antioxidant activity of each extract was compared and measured using total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power according to the standard protocol. Results The yield was highest in pure water extract and lowest in 100% EtOH. But, the content of marker compounds indicating 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside was highest in 100% EtOH extract. In the physiological activity measurement using antioxidant activity, 100% ethanol extract was highest. The limit of detection indicating 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside were analyzed 0.33 μg/mL, 0.1616 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification were analyzed 1.01 μg/mL and 0.49 μg/mL respectively. Conclusions The experimental results showed that the extraction conditions have a significant effect on content of marker compounds and antioxidant activity. As a result of method validation, SJ004 was standardized by 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside.

Comparing the antibacterial efficacy and functionality of different commercial alcohol-based sanitizers

“…Such potent antibacterial results of alcohol-based sanitizers on different surfaces are of no surprise and have been validated in various publications [21,22]. In a recent study by Hi-Ryun Lee et al, the authors showed that 70% ethanol is capable of eliciting a 5 log 10 reduction on all types of fabric including silk, Tencel, cotton, etc [22]. Similarly, when Chambers et al treated bacteria-infested plastic with 70% ethanol, all microorganisms were killed after 1 h [21].…”

“…All tested alcohol-based sanitizers, regardless of whether they contained secondary antimicrobial agents or the type of surfaces, were able to elicit the instant sanitization effect, killing up to 99.99% of all the surface inoculated S. aureus. Such potent antibacterial results of alcohol-based sanitizers on different surfaces are of no surprise and have been validated in various publications [21,22]. In a recent study by Hi-Ryun Lee et al, the authors showed that 70% ethanol is capable of eliciting a 5 log 10 reduction on all types of fabric including silk, Tencel, cotton, etc [22].…”

Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of the Korean Traditional Rice-Oat Wine “<em>Makgeolli</em>” Supplemented with <em>Codium fragile</em>, a Green Seaweed

“…The high antioxidant activity of Codium fragile becomes evident from research results that show that the alcohol extract had an ABTS radical scavenging activity of 47% depending on the extraction method [49]. In a research paper on the antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of oats, reported the existence of the active substance avenanthramide, a phenol component [50], and reported that, among native and medicinal plant extracts, the total flavonoid content of oats was high [51]. Ham et al (2015) reported that the ABTS radical scavenging ability of oats was 77.88−116.14 mg TEAC/100 g, and they detected polyphenol content higher than that of white rice, coix seed, and mung bean [45].…”

“…Oats (Avena sativa L.: oats) is a winter crop that belongs to the rice family and is rich in protein and fat compared to other grains. In particular, about 70−80% of the protein is globulin, which has a high content of essential amino acids such as lysine [12]. In addition, avenanthramide, which specifically exists only in oats among all the grains, has been reported to have antioxidant and other effects [13].…”