Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of alpha lipoic acid and quercetin against Al2O3 nanoparticle-induced toxicity in mice

Abstract

Introduction: Exposure to nanomaterials (NPs) may lead to enhanced generation of free radicals and failure of endogenous antioxidant defense system ultimately resulting in oxidative stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and quercetin, the two antioxidants against aluminium oxide nanoparticle induced oxidative stress. Methods and Materials: Male swiss albino mice were exposed to aluminum oxide NPs for seven days and were co-administered orally with quercetin and alpha lipoic acid (50 mg/kg each) to evaluate effects on heme synthesis pathway, hepatic oxidative injury and antioxidant potential. Results: The results suggest a significantly elevated ROS, decreased blood and hepatic GSH levels, Superoxide dismutase and Catalase activities after Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles exposure. Co-administration of antioxidants increased GSH levels and was also beneficial in the recovery of oxidative injury and restoring inhibited ALAD activity. Conclusion: Our results suggest better efficacy of alpha lipoic acid than Quercetin in preventing appearance of toxic symptoms of following exposure to Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles in mice.

Ameliorative effects of quercetin against hepatic toxicity of oral sub-chronic co-exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles and lead-acetate in male rats

“…Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 NPs) have been involved in many manufacturing purposes, including packaging materials, cutting tools, refractory products, cosmetic fillers, and semiconductor materials (Yousef et al 2019 ). The Al 2 O 3 -NPs exposure considerably raised ROS release, while the hepatic-reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were decreased (Shrivastava et al 2014 ). Suppression of hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) gene was also confirmed with Al 2 O 3 -NPs exposure (Yousef et al 2019 ).…”

An Overview of the Beneficial Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Nanoparticle‐Induced Toxicities

“…Besides, neurotoxicological effects have been observed leading to the formation of neurodegenerative and immunosuppressive effects. Another in vivo study by Shrivastava et al [39] suggested that Al 2 O 3 -NPs induce a high level of oxidative stress followed by high ROS concentration, reduced levels of GSH, and low CAT and SOD activities, in mice during 7 days of an oral application. The hepatorenal toxicity of Al 2 O 3 -NPs and ZnO-NPs was monitored by Yousef et al [43], showing that both NPs exerted significant toxicity but also synergistic toxicological effect on the liver and kidneys accompanied by systemic inflammation.…”

“…In the global market of NPs, the alumina nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 -NPs) are represented around 20% [17]. The purpose of their use is diverse, from application in medicine (for site-specific 3 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity drug delivery), orthopedic implants, cosmetics, food industry, chemical engineering, catalysis, resistant coatings, lithium batteries, and all the way to jet and rocket fuels [22,39,40]. They also have been used in weapons, munitions, and explosives; in propeller shafts as surface coatings; also as scratch and abrasive-resistant coatings on sunglasses; and in the car industry [41].…”

“…The most common modus of Al 2 O 3 -NPs entering into the organism is via inhalation, dermal exposure, food, and water. The small size of Al 2 O 3 -NPs and high reactivity allow easier penetration into the cells, transport via circulation, and thus the accumulation in multiple organs and tissues, e.g., the lungs, heart, spleen, testes, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and brain [22,39]. They can also easily cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the CNS causing severe neurotoxicity.…”

“…Recent findings showed that Al 2 O 3 -NPs provoke high production of ROS, the elevation of the MnSOD level, high levels of markers of oxidative damage (CAT, SOD, and GSH), activation of caspases, expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and ELAM-1), and high levels of interleukins in serum. Based on published data, it can be concluded that they are triggering many adverse reactions causing an inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and apoptosis [22,39,[42][43][44]. For instance, Park et al [44] in their study related to the toxicity of aluminum NPs showed that their daily administration to mice for 28 days lead to the significant platelet increase; decrease in white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes; and high accumulation of Al in the lung, brain, and thymus in the group treated with the highest dose.…”