Antiosteoporotic activity of phytoestrogen-rich fraction separated from ethanol extract of aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis in ovariectomized rats

Abstract

Objective:Cissus quadrangularis L. (C. quadrangularis L.) (Vitaceae) has been reported in Ayurveda for its antiosteoporotic activity. The study separated the phytoestrogen-rich fraction (IND-HE) from aerial parts of C. quadrangularis L. and evaluated its effect on osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy in rats.Materials and Methods:IND-HE was separated from the ethanol extract of C. quadrangularis. Ovariectomized female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group 1: Control (distilled water), Group II: IND-HE (75 mg/kg p.o.), Group III: IND-HE (100 mg/kg p.o.) were treated once daily for 8 weeks and Group IV: standard estradiol group, received estrogen (1 mg/kg, s.c. bi-weekly). The effects on body weight were determined. DEXA (Dual energy-emission X-ray absorptimatory analysis) of whole body bone and femur was carried out. Blood was removed and analyzed for biochemical parameters. After sacrificing the animals, biomechanical study of right tibia and histopathology of pelvic bone was carried out.Results:IND-HE showed presence of phytoestrogen-rich fraction. IND-HE (75 and 100 mg/ kg) and estrogen treatment showed statistically significant increase in bone thickness, bone density and bone hardness. IND-HE (75 and 100 mg/kg) and estrogen treatment significantly increased serum estradiol. IND-HE (100 mg/kg) (P<0.05) and estrogen treatment increased serum vitamin D3 and serum calcium compared to control. Alkaline phosphatase was significantly reduced by IND-HE (100 mg/kg p.o.) and estrogen treatment. Histopathology and DEXA results indicated that IND-HE (75 and 100 mg/kg) prevented bone loss.Discussion and Conclusion:These findings confirm that phytoestrogen-rich fraction (IND- HE) possess good antiosteoporotic activity.

Jumping exercise preserves bone mineral density and mechanical properties in osteopenic ovariectomized rats even following established osteopenia

“…Thus, the 20-to 32-week-old rats used in that study would be hormonally active and relevant for modeling estrogen deficiency by ovariectomy. Ovariectomy leads to sex hormone deficiency and decreases in bone thickness, bone density, and bone hardness [43].…”

Maxcal-C (a polyherbal formulation) prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats

“…[ 14 ] In the present study, there was a significant decrease in levels of serum calcium and an increase in levels of alkaline phosphate during osteoporotic condition which are in accordance with earlier studies. [ 14 15 ] However, serum calcium and alkaline phosphate were significantly restored after the treatment of Maxcal-C (250 and 500 mg/kg) as compared to sham-operated control animals. The body weight of the OVX control rats was significantly reduced when compared to sham-operated control group while OVX control animals treated with Maxcal-C showed a significant improvement in body weight which might be due to ameliorating effects on bone.…”

“…Results obtained in the present study indicate that OVX control rats showed decreased bone length, bone weight, bone density, and bone diameter as compared to sham-operated control rats which are in comparable with previous reports. [ 15 19 ] The treatment with Maxcal-C (500 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in femur length as compared to OVX control rats, but animals treated with 250 mg/kg did not show any significant alteration in femur length. Furthermore, the treatment with Maxcal-C (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in femur diameter as compared to OVX control rats.…”

Ketosteroid standardized Cissus quadrangularis L. extract and its anabolic activity: Time to look beyond ketosteroid?

“…Group I and II received vehicle and served as normal control and untreated positive (orchidectomized) control, respectively, Group III–Group V animals were treated CQ-EE, CQ-SFE, and CQ-AE, respectively, at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight p.o./day, based on the animal doses used in the literature. [ 13 15 ] Group VI animals were treated with testosterone propionate at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight once a week subcutaneously.…”

“…The right femur bone of all the animals were subjected to testing bone strength and bone mineral content, briefly; the breaking strength of femur bone was estimated using hardness tester. [ 15 ] The samples were then kept for ashing in tared fused silica crucibles, weighed, dried to a constant weight at 110°C, and ashed for 24 h at 650°C. [ 21 ] The ash weights were determined before dissolving in 1 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid.…”