Antinutritive and Oxidative Components as Mechanisms of Induced Resistance in Cotton to Helicoverpa zea

Bi, J. L.; Murphy, J. Brad; Felton, Gary W.

doi:10.1023/b:joec.0000006348.62578.fd

Cited by 121 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Anionic PODs have been implicated in a variety of leaftoughening responses, such as lignin biosynthesis (Gaspar et al, 1985;Díaz and Merino, 1998), suberization (Espelie et al, 1986;McDougall, 1993), and crosslinking of cell walls and extensin polymers (Ridge and Osborne, 1970;Everdeen et al, 1988;Bostock and Stermer, 1989). Such toughening processes may decrease the nutritional quality of the plant tissue for herbivores (Bi et al, 1997) as well as prevent secondary pathogen infection (Vance et al, 1980;Bostock and Stermer, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the induction in greenhouse seedlings of isozymes A4.4, A4.1, and A3.9, and previous studies of POD wound responsiveness in other plants (e.g., Felton et al, 1994;Bi and Felton, 1995;Bi et al, 1997), we expected total soluble POD activity to increase in response to wounding and JA treatments. Surprisingly, total POD activity was reduced by JA treatment (Figure 1) and was generally unrelated to the isoform values in any clear way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Activity of Peroxidase Isozymes in Response to Wounding, Gypsy Moth, and Plant Hormones in Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.)

Allison

Schultz

2004

J Chem Ecol

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Abstract-We measured total peroxidase activity and the activities of peroxidase isoforms in leaves of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings exposed to wounding and plant hormones in the greenhouse. Activity of specific peroxidase isoforms was induced differentially by gypsy moth wounding, mechanical wounding, and the wound-associated plant hormone jasmonic acid. Activity of one isoform was enhanced modestly by treatment with salicylate. A study of peroxidase activity in naturally occurring galls elicited on red oak leaves by 12 hymenopteran and dipteran insect species found 16 POD isoforms, 11 of which were differentially induced or suppressed in galls compared with leaves. In both studies, total peroxidase activity as measured spectrophotometrically was not clearly related to activity of these isoforms. These results indicate that red oak seedlings and trees may respond specifically to wounding, particular insects, and plant signals through changes in the activities of individual isozymes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Activity of Peroxidase Isozymes in Response to Wounding, Gypsy Moth, and Plant Hormones in Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.)

Allison

Schultz

2004

J Chem Ecol

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“…In N. attenuata, these herbivore-induced defenses include nicotine and TPI (Steppuhn et al, 2004;Zavala et al, 2004b). Because AZ plants have lost their TPI defense mechanism (Wu et al, 2007b), we analyzed the levels of nicotine as well as two phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and rutin, which are putative antiherbivore defenses (Isman and Duffey, 1982;Bi et al, 1997) and may constitute part of N. attenuata's direct defense.…”

Section: Ut and Az Produce Different Levels Of Antiherbivory Secondarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about how CAB and other VOCs, which may also act as indirect defense compounds, are synthesized and regulated in N. attenuata. The synthesis of phenolic compounds in N. attenuata and their possible influence on M. sexta performance also remains to be characterized; some studies have revealed potential antiherbivore functions of phenolic compounds (Isman and Duffey, 1982;Bi et al, 1997). Further biochemical and genetic studies are needed to elucidate the ELPs in biosynthetic genes that may underlie the differential regulation of these compounds.…”

Section: Natural Variation Of Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Two Nicotiana attenuata Accessions Reveals Large Differences in Signaling Induced by Oral Secretions of the Specialist Herbivore Manduca sexta

Hettenhausen

Schuman

et al. 2008

Plant Physiology

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Genetic variation within and among populations provides the raw material for evolution. Although many studies describe inter-and intraspecific variation of defensive metabolites, little is known about variation among plant populations within early signaling responses elicited by herbivory or by herbivore oral secretions (OS) introduced into wounds during feeding. In this study, we compare the OS-elicited early responses as well as the antiherbivore defensive metabolites in two accessions of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and show that, compared with an accession collected from Utah, an Arizona accession has lower herbivore-elicited activity of the salicylic acid-induced protein kinase, an important mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in herbivore resistance. These differences in salicylic acid-induced protein kinase activity were associated with substantially different levels of OS-elicited jasmonic acid, jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate, and ethylene bursts. Gene expression level polymorphism (ELP) determines phenotypic variation among populations, and we found the two accessions to have significantly different ELPs in the genes involved in early signaling responses to herbivory. In addition, we found differences between the Utah and the Arizona accessions in the concentrations of several secondary metabolites that contribute to N. attenuata's direct and indirect defenses. This study demonstrates significant natural variation in regulatory elements that mediate plant responses to herbivore attack, highlighting the role of ELP in producing a diversity of plant defense phenotypes.

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“…Chewing by free-living insects induces defensive biochemical responses in many tree species (Karban and Baldwin, 1997), including chestnut oak, which responds to gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) attack by increasing production of polyphenols in the leaves (Hunter and Schultz, 1995). Plant defense responses may also include increased activity of oxidative enzymes such as peroxidases (POXs) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which activate and polymerize polyphenols and are implicated in biochemical responses to insects and pathogens (Vaughn and Duke, 1984;Appel, 1993;Felton et al, 1994;Bi et al, 1997). The Nutrition Hypothesis predicts that such defensive responses should be suppressed in tissues consumed by galling insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Responses of Chestnut Oak to a Galling Cynipid

Allison

Schultz

2005

J Chem Ecol

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Abstract-We characterized the distribution of nutritional and defensive biochemical traits in galls elicited on chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) by the gall wasp Andricus petiolicolus Basse (Cynipidae) in comparison with gypsy moth-wounded and unwounded leaves. Gall cortex and epidermis exhibited elevated soluble peroxidase (POX) and soluble invertase activities, and greater condensed tannin concentrations than did nutritive tissues or leaves. Nutritive tissue, on which the insect feeds, contained few polyphenols, and lower POX and invertase activities compared with other gall tissues and leaves. Elevated total POX activity arose from a complex pattern of enhanced and suppressed isoform activities in galls. Invertase enzyme activity decreased in all tissues over the course of the 7-d study, although gypsy moth wounding suppressed this decline slightly in ungalled leaves. Our results indicate that the distribution of biochemical defenses in this typical cynipid gall differs significantly from the leaf tissue from which it is formed and support a role for invertases in establishing the gall as a sink. A. petiolicolus larvae do not induce, and may suppress, plant defense responses in nutritive tissue, while enzymatic activity and phenolic accumulation are enhanced in gall tissues surrounding feeding sites. These patterns suggest that the gall is manipulated by the insect to enhance its food and protective value.

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Antinutritive and Oxidative Components as Mechanisms of Induced Resistance in Cotton to Helicoverpa zea

Cited by 121 publications

References 71 publications

Differential Activity of Peroxidase Isozymes in Response to Wounding, Gypsy Moth, and Plant Hormones in Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.)

Differential Activity of Peroxidase Isozymes in Response to Wounding, Gypsy Moth, and Plant Hormones in Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.)

A Comparison of Two Nicotiana attenuata Accessions Reveals Large Differences in Signaling Induced by Oral Secretions of the Specialist Herbivore Manduca sexta

Biochemical Responses of Chestnut Oak to a Galling Cynipid

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