Antinuclear antibodies in healthy people and non-rheumatic diseases – diagnostic and clinical implications

Grygiel-Górniak, Bogna; Rogacka, Natalia; Puszczewicz, Mariusz

doi:10.5114/reum.2018.77976

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Remarkably, we did not detect any association of ANAs with female gender or with age in our cohort, even though it is generally known that ANAs occur more frequently in women and in the elderly [40]. Therefore, our data support the hypothesis that the occurrence of these unspecific autoantibodies represents a para-infectious phenomenon, caused mainly by a misdirected immune response, and that it should not be seen as the initial step in the development of de novo autoimmune diseases [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Significance of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies and Cryoglobulins in Patients with Acute and Chronic HEV Infection

et al. 2020

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Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been associated with immunological phenomena. Their clinical significance, however, still needs to be clarified, that is, whether cryoglobulins or autoantibodies impact overt disease in HEV-infected individuals. To better understand, we analyzed these different immune phenomena in three cohorts, each representing different types of HEV infection. Methods: The cohorts included: (i) immunocompetent patients with acute hepatitis E, (ii) immunosuppressed patients with chronic hepatitis E, and (iii) individuals with asymptomatic HEV infection. Together, they consisted of 57 individuals and were studied retrospectively for the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs), cryoglobulins, and serum total IgG. They were then compared with a control cohort of 17 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Results: Thirteen (23%) were immunocompetent patients with acute hepatitis E (median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) = 872 U/L), 15 (26%) were immunosuppressed patients with chronic hepatitis E (median ALT = 137 U/L), and 29 (51%) were blood donors with asymptomatic HEV infection (median ALT = 35 U/L). Overall, 24% tested positive for elevated ANA titers of >1:160, and 11% presented with a specific ANA pattern. ANA detection was not associated with the type of HEV infection, IgG levels, sex, or age. All individuals tested negative for anti-mitochondrial antibodies, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, liver-kidney microsomal antibodies, anti-myeloperoxidase-, and anti-proteinase-3 antibodies. Five patients (9%) tested positive for cryoglobulins. Notably, cryoglobulinemia was present in overt hepatitis E (Groups (i) and (ii); one acute and four chronic HEV infections), but was not present in any of the asymptomatic blood donors (p = 0.02). The frequency of cryoglobulins and elevated ANAs did not differ significantly between HEV and HBV/HCV patients. Conclusion: In line with findings on HBV and HCV infections, we frequently observed detection of ANAs (24%) and cryoglobulins (9%) in association with HEV infections. The presence of cryoglobulins was limited to patients with overt hepatitis E. We add to the findings on the immune phenomena of hepatitis E.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Significance of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies and Cryoglobulins in Patients with Acute and Chronic HEV Infection

et al. 2020

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“…Although rosacea and DLE are two different chronic diseases, it is suggested that they share common etiological triggers (genetic and environmental factors) and clinical features (such as facial redness and erythematous papular lesions) (Figure 2). 3,10,17 Although ANA positivity is related with connective tissue diseases (CTD), it can be seen in the normal population up to 25% 22,23 . A subset of patients with rosacea can demonstrate positive ANA results 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demodex positive discoid lupus erythematosus: Is it a separate entity or an overlap syndrome?

Dursun

Durmaz

Oltulu

et al. 2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic inflammatory erythematous skin disease that can be triggered by several factors. Rosacea is another skin disease that causes facial redness and tenderness. Demodex mites have been reported in rosacea and DLE patients commonly in the literature. These two diseases can be seen concomitant, mimic each other clinically and share common possible etiologic factors. To assess demodex mite infestation in both clinical and histopathological findings in DLE patients. We retrospectively evaluated the files of 42 patients with DLE who had been diagnosed DLE based on clinical and histopathological findings between August 2018 and August 2019. Demodex positivity was detected 50% of patients (n = 21). Neutrophile percentages in the dermal and perivascular area were higher in the demodex positive patients (4.43%) than in the Demodex negative patients (2.19%). The intensity of demodex mites correlated positively with dermal neutrophile percentages. ANA was negative in 29 patients (69%) and positive in 13 patients (31%). Anti‐dsDNA was negative in serology and follicular plugging was positive in histopathology in all 42 patients (100%). This was a retrospective study. DLE and rosacea share common features in etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation. Inflammation and exacerbations caused by the demodex mites may increase the clinical severity of DLE. Although the position of demodex mites in DLE etiopathogenesis is not known exactly, the presence of high demodex in DLE patients has been determined. Standard skin surface biopsy can be a routine procedure for the evaluation of DLE patients in daily clinical practice.

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“…For instance, the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) does not indicate AIH, as other liver diseases can also trigger this autoantibody [23]. Moreover, healthy patients might also be seropositive, which challenges the use of ANA as a sufficient biomarker for autoimmunity; thus, the liver biopsy is often necessary to obtain a more comprehensive diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis [24,25]. The standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis is to administer medication such as prednisolone (PSL) or azathioprine to the patient.…”

Section: Current Challenges In Autoimmune Hepatitis (Aih)mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Microsystems for Biodiagnosis

2020

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Researchers are continuously making progress towards diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases. However, there are still major issues that are presenting many challenges for current medical diagnosis. On the other hand, DNA nanotechnology has evolved significantly over the last three decades and is highly interdisciplinary. With many potential technologies derived from the field, it is natural to begin exploring and incorporating its knowledge to develop DNA microsystems for biodiagnosis in order to help address current obstacles, such as disease detection and drug resistance. Here, current challenges in disease detection are presented along with standard methods for diagnosis. Then, a brief overview of DNA nanotechnology is introduced along with its main attractive features for constructing biodiagnostic microsystems. Lastly, suggested DNA-based microsystems are discussed through proof-of-concept demonstrations with improvement strategies for standard diagnostic approaches.

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Antinuclear antibodies in healthy people and non-rheumatic diseases – diagnostic and clinical implications

Cited by 86 publications

References 51 publications

Significance of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies and Cryoglobulins in Patients with Acute and Chronic HEV Infection

Significance of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies and Cryoglobulins in Patients with Acute and Chronic HEV Infection

Demodex positive discoid lupus erythematosus: Is it a separate entity or an overlap syndrome?

DNA Microsystems for Biodiagnosis

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