Antinociceptive, Free Radical–Scavenging, and Cytotoxic Activities of Acanthus hirsutus Boiss

Abstract

In vivo antinociceptive and in vitro radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities of Acanthus hirsutus Boiss. aqueous extract were investigated to give a new insight into plant usage in traditional medicine. The extract showed significant antinociceptive activity in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice after oral application and did not change the hind-leg retraction period in the hot-plate test for any dose applied. In addition, the extract showed radical-scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl, nitric oxide, and superoxide radicals similar to those of standard compounds 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and quercetin. The gallic acid equivalent total phenolic content of the plant was found to be 65.4 mg/g dry extract. Cytotoxic activity of the aqueous extract was tested against 3 different cancer cell lines-Hep-2 (human larynx epidermoid carcinoma), RD (human rhabdomyosarcoma), and L20B (transgenic murine L cells)-and 1 noncancerous cell line (VERO) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Through the phytochemical studies, the following compounds were isolated: 3 lignan glucosides [(-)-syringaresinol-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, (-)-medioresinol-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (-)-pinoresinol-4'-O-β-glucopyranoside], 2 benzoxazinoids [2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one, (2R)-2-O-β-glucopyranosyl-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one], 4 phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, leucosceptoside A, martynoside, hattushoside), and 2 phenylpropanoid glucosides (sinapyl aldehyde-4-O-β-glucopyranoside, sinapyl alcohol-4-O-β-glucopyranoside). Cytotoxic and radical-scavenging activities of the isolated compounds were also determined. 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one and acteoside were the most active compounds in both experiments.

HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS profiling of Verbascum ovalifolium Donn ex Sims and evaluation of its antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activities

“…The two samples produced higher cytotoxic effects in SK‐MEL‐2 (25.41% and 30.74%, respectively) versus V79 cells (10.02% and 15.78%, respectively) at 100 μg/mL. These observations suggest that CME and EAE exhibited a slightly moderate selective antiproliferative effect on tumour cells; targeting only tumour cells without affecting the viability of normal ones is an important feature in the screening of novel anticancer candidates …”

“…Therefore, the results from the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays on normal cells conclude that CME and EAE obtained from V. ovalifolium aerial parts might not contain cytotoxic and genotoxic compounds. Indeed, previous reports showed that verbascoside, the major constituent of V. ovalifolium extracts, possessed reduced cytotoxicity in normal cells and no mutagenicity and genotoxicity in Salmonella thyphimurium strains, Drosphophila melanogaster and human peripheral lymphocytes …”

Benzoxazinoids: Cereal phytochemicals with putative therapeutic and health‐protecting properties

“…Harput et al [70] APO Murine macrophages were stimulated with LPS (2 g/mL) and IFN-␥ (10 IU/mL) in the presence or absence of various concentration of APO.…”

Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antipyretic Activity of Mangrove Plants: A Mini Review

“…From the search, 29 hits were found with different mangrove species reporting one or more of these activities: antinociceptive, anti-inlfammatory, and antipyretic activity (Tables 2 and 3) [4–32]. Some of the reports coincide for a given species, and, therefore, a total of 17 plants were reported to have such activity.…”

“…However, exploring the methods applied in the published reports on evaluation of antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and/or antipyretic activity of mangrove plants [4–34], the following assumptions can be made about the possible mechanisms of actions. The sensation of pain can be initiated either peripherally or through the central nervous system.…”