Antinociceptive effects of bupivacaine injected within the internal abdominis rectus sheath in standing healthy horses

Ishikawa, Yushun; Sakai, Daniel M.; Im, Jessica SY; Zhang, Shufan; Reed, Rachel; Quandt, Jane; Baldo, Caroline Floreoto; Walters, Brian F.; Barletta, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2023.02.013

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.02.013

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Antinociceptive effects of bupivacaine injected within the internal abdominis rectus sheath in standing healthy horses

Yushun Ishikawa

Daniel M. Sakai

Jessica SY Im

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

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Objective methods of nerve localisation to facilitate performing locoregional anaesthetic techniques for horses undergoing surgical procedures

Louro,

Loomes,

Bardell

2024

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryPerineural anaesthesia is a useful technique in equine surgery, providing pre‐emptive targeted anaesthesia of the surgical site, reducing volatile anaesthetic requirements, improving recovery quality and providing postoperative pain relief. Surgery under standing sedation in horses has increased in popularity, mandating the need for effective locoregional anaesthesia and analgesic techniques. Nerve location techniques offer greater accuracy than blind techniques when placing injectate. These methods can help to avoid structures such as blood vessels and minimise direct nerve damage during needle placement, reducing the risk of procedure‐related complications. This review will discuss the most pertinent research in the veterinary literature where objective methods of nerve location have been used to perform peripheral nerve blocks in horses. The efficacy of using objective methods to perform nerve blocks in equine anaesthesia is discussed by the authors, providing useful information to equine anaesthetists, and potentially improve the quality of anaesthesia and analgesia in horses.

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Objective methods of nerve localisation to facilitate performing locoregional anaesthetic techniques for horses undergoing surgical procedures

Louro,

Loomes,

Bardell

2024

Equine Veterinary Education

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Assessment of an Ultrasound-Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Foals: A Cadaveric Study

Gutiérrez Bautista,

Söbbeler,

Koch

et al. 2023

Animals

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In neonatal equines, pathologies involving umbilical structures are an important cause of morbidity, and surgical removal of urachal remnants is a common procedure in clinical practice. Surgery involving the ventral abdominal wall can cause substantial pain, leading to complications and prolonged recovery. The objectives of this study were to describe a two-point bilateral ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block at the level of the umbilicus and to evaluate the extent of dye distribution in foal cadavers. Ten foal cadavers were included in the study, in which a bilateral two-point ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block was performed—one injection 5 cm cranially and a second one 5 cm caudally to the umbilicus. The injectate consisted of a mixture of iodinated contrast medium and blue dye at a volume of 0.25 mL kg−1 per injection point (total 1 mL kg−1). After the injection, computer tomography and subsequent dissection of the ventral abdominal wall were performed. The extension of the contrast medium, the number of stained nerves, and contamination of the abdominal cavity were evaluated. The cranio-caudal extension of the contrast ranged from 0.8 to 1.4 cm per milliliter of injectate. The most commonly stained ventral branches of spinal nerves were thoracic (Th) nerves 16, 17, and 18 (95%, 85%, and 80% of the nerves, respectively). Abdominal contamination was found in four animals. The results suggest that the block could provide periumbilical analgesia. Further studies with different volumes of injectate and living animals are warranted.

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Open Approach to the Transversus Abdominis Plane in Horses: A Cadaver Feasibility Study

Aitken,

Floriano,

Hopster

2024

Veterinary Sciences

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The study’s objective was to evaluate the feasibility and dispersion of an open approach to the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in eight adult equine cadavers. A ventral midline incision was made, starting 2 cm cranial to the umbilicus and extending 25 cm cranially. In total, 0.5 mL/kg of new methylene blue (NMB) was injected per horse, divided into six injections. Using an 18 g, 8 cm Tuohy needle, three injections were made per side. The needle was guided blindly into the TAP using palpation. A 60 mL syringe was attached directly to the needle, depositing ~0.08 mL/kg at each site. The time to complete the injections was recorded for each cadaver. Following injection, the ventral body wall was dissected to determine if the dye was present within the TAP space as well as to measure the extent of the dispersion of the dye, the cranial to caudal extent, and the width of the dye’s spread. Complete deposition of NMB into the TAP (six of six sites) was achieved in 5/8 horses. The median time needed to perform all the injections was 263 s. Increased adiposity (retroperitoneal fat) was associated with unsuccessful injections. This approach to the TAP was easily and quickly performed, though less successful in horses with increased retroperitoneal fat and increased BCS.

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Antinociceptive effects of bupivacaine injected within the internal abdominis rectus sheath in standing healthy horses

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Objective methods of nerve localisation to facilitate performing locoregional anaesthetic techniques for horses undergoing surgical procedures

Objective methods of nerve localisation to facilitate performing locoregional anaesthetic techniques for horses undergoing surgical procedures

Assessment of an Ultrasound-Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Foals: A Cadaveric Study

Open Approach to the Transversus Abdominis Plane in Horses: A Cadaver Feasibility Study

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