Antinociceptive and analgesic effect of continuous intravenous infusion of maropitant, lidocaine and ketamine alone or in combination in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

This study investigated an injectable swine anesthetic induction using tiletamine/zolazepam and ketamine in combinationwith either dexmedetomidine (TKD) or xylazine (TKX). We hypothesized that TKD would accelerate anesthesia onset andprolong recovery compared TKX in swine undergoing a noninvasive radiographic procedure. A randomized crossover experimentwas performed on 6 healthy, intact, male miniature swine. Swine were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: 1) 5 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam, 2.5 mg/kg ketamine, and 0.0125 mg/kg dexmedetomidine (TKD) or 2) 5 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam,2.5 mg/kg ketamine, and 2.5 mg/kg xylazine (TKX). Either TKD or TKX was administered intramuscularly at 0.05 mL/kg toprovide anesthesia for a 45-min radiographic procedure. Atipamezole was administered at 45 min after TKD or TKX administration.During anesthesia, swine were monitored for anesthetic-duration parameters (time to sternal recumbency [onsetof anesthesia], lateral recumbency, loss of palpebral reflex, return of the palpebral reflex, and return to sternal recumbency[onset of recovery]) and physiologic parameters (heart rate, %SpO2, noninvasive blood pressure, and body temperature).Anesthetic-duration and physiologic parameters did not differ between groups at any time point. The results indicate TKDand TKX provide comparable general anesthesia in swine undergoing a radiographic examination.

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Usefulness and Reliability of the Bispectral Index during Balanced Anesthesia for Neurovascular Surgery in New Zealand White Rabbits

Petrucci

Spadavecchia

Wanderer

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Few data about the electroencephalogram and its calculated indices, such as the bispectral index (BIS), have been reported in rabbits. We aimed to evaluate whether a clinically stable anesthesia was mirrored by consistent and stable BIS values and to investigate the effects of modified cerebral blood supply, due to bilateral carotid clamping and re-opening, on BIS values. We also investigated the effects of fentanyl, as an antinociceptive drug, on the BIS. Sixty-eight rabbits undergoing general anesthesia for surgical creation of carotid bifurcation aneurysms were enrolled. The BIS values were recorded at nine selected time points (TPs) during each procedure and before and after fentanyl administration. The BIS values over time were compared with two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey test, while the Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to compare values at clamping and re-opening of the carotids as well as before and after fentanyl administration. The BIS values were significantly lower during anesthesia than at the end of anesthesia and at tracheal extubation; no significant differences were found among other TPs. Adequate depth of anesthesia was mirrored by consistent BIS values among rabbits, and alteration of cerebral blood supply did not modify BIS values, except once. Following fentanyl, BIS values did not change in a clinically relevant way.

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Antinociceptive and analgesic effect of continuous intravenous infusion of maropitant, lidocaine and ketamine alone or in combination in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Section II: Drug formulary

Section II: Drug formulary

Assessment of a Combination of Tiletamine/Zolazepam, Ketamine, and Dexmedetomidine for Anesthesia of Swine (Sus domesticus)

Usefulness and Reliability of the Bispectral Index during Balanced Anesthesia for Neurovascular Surgery in New Zealand White Rabbits

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