Antinociceptive activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and interactions with neurotropics and analgesics

Rašković, Aleksandar; Kvrgić, Maja; Tomas, Ana; Stilinović, Nebojša; Čabarkapa, Velibor; Stojsic-Milosavljevic, Anastazija; Kusturica, Milica Nada Paut; Rakić, Dušica Branko

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902020000318819

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Especially, oregano and Anatolian sage essential oils reduced the PGE 2 levels (99.3 and 98.47%, respectively), almost to medium control levels. Previous studies demonstrated that Thymus vulgaris ( Rašković et al, 2021 ), Salvia officinalis ( Qnais, Abu-Dieyeh, Abdulla, & Abdalla, 2010 ), Mentha piperita ( Taher, 2012 ), and Citrus lemon ( Campêlo et al, 2011 ) essential oils and Nigella sativa ( Pop et al, 2020 ) crude oil showed analgesic activity using different pathways, whereas the analgesic activity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil has not been reported . This is consistent with the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of propolis and essential oils containing oral/throat spray formulation against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Pelvan

Serhatlı

Karaoğlu

et al. 2022

Journal of Functional Foods

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of propolis and essential oils containing oral/throat spray formulation against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Pelvan

Serhatlı

Karaoğlu

et al. 2022

Journal of Functional Foods

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“…Although there was no evidence of the morphine withdrawal and anti-anxiety effect of Thymbra spicata extract in the previous studies, T. capitata (L.) extract of the same family had a significant antianxiety effect (Motti and de Falco, 2021). The anti-analgesic and antinociceptive effects of the Thymus vulgaris L. extract have also been documented (Rašković et al, 2020). Many medicinal plant oils such as T. spicata, Thymus vulgaris, Monarda fistulosa, Trachyspermum ammi, Thymus ciliates, and Nigella sativa, contain a monoterpene named thymol (Wattanasatcha et al, 2012), which can be used as a food additive under the Food and Drug Administration regulations (Dhaneshwar et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The anti-analgesic and antinociceptive effects of the Thymus vulgaris L . extract have also been documented ( Rašković et al, 2020 ). Many medicinal plant oils such as T. spicata , Thymus vulgaris , Monarda fistulosa , Trachyspermum ammi , Thymus ciliates , and Nigella sativa , contain a monoterpene named thymol ( Wattanasatcha et al, 2012 ), which can be used as a food additive under the Food and Drug Administration regulations ( Dhaneshwar et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats

Moayeri

Mehdizadeh

Karimi

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The drug delivery system is valuable in the treatment of the disease. A nanopolymer as a thymol and Thymbra spicata release system was synthesized and its effects on morphine withdrawal syndrome in comparison with clonidine in rats were studied. The nanopolymer was characterized by different methods, namely, IR, HNMR, CNMR, GPC, DLS, and AFM. Thymol in T. spicata extract was assessed. The loading and release rate of thymol and T. spicata extract on the nanopolymer were evaluated by HPLC. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer was studied. The frequency of jumping, rearing, and teeth chattering in naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome was studied. Synthesized nanopolymer was desirable as a carrier for the drug. The loaded amount of extract and thymol on nanopolymer was estimated 55 ± 3.2% and 48 ± 2.6% and the drug released was 71 and 68%, respectively. LD50 of the T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer was 975, 580, 1,250, and 650 mg/kg, respectively. This study showed that thymol nanopolymer was more effective than clonidine to reduce the frequency of morphine withdrawal symptoms. Our results suggest that T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer are mighty in reducing the narcotic withdrawal signs. The mechanism of action and therapeutic potential is maybe similar to clonidine.

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“…Regarding the tested monoterpenes, all compounds have acknowledged anaesthetic properties when administered at their specific anaesthetic doses [ 18 , 33 , 34 ]. In this study, we observed that all induced different behavioural responses to those of the AA group, hinting at their analgesic potential when administered at lower concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analgesic effect of carvacrol seems to be mediated by descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms due to its anti-inflammatory properties, and it may also interact with the opioid system [ 16 ]. Similarly, thymol has many pharmacological properties, from which its antinociceptive activity is highlighted [ 17 , 18 ]. However, as far as we know, fish have not yet sufficiently explored these properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antinociceptive Analysis of Natural Monoterpenes Eugenol, Menthol, Carvacrol and Thymol in a Zebrafish Larval Model

Rocha,

Félix,

Monteiro

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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In the last decade, a considerable number of studies have broadened our knowledge of the nociceptive mechanisms of pain, a global health problem in both humans and animals. The use of herbal compounds such as eugenol, menthol, thymol, and carvacrol as analgesic agents has accompanied the growing interest in this area, offering a possible solution for this complex problem. Here, we aimed to explore how these natural substances—at three different concentrations (2, 5 and 10 mg/L)—affect the pain responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae exposed to 0.05% acetic acid (AA) for 1 min. By analysing the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 5′-ectonucleotidase and NTPDases, as well as aversion and exploratory behaviours, it was observed that that although all substances were effective in counteracting the pain stimulus, the concentration range within which they do so might be very limited. Eugenol, despite its acknowledged properties in fish anaesthesia, failed to alleviate the pain stimulus at low concentrations. Contrastingly, menthol exhibited the most promising results at the lowest concentrations tested. Overall, it is concluded that menthol might be a good analgesic for this species, qualifying it as a substance of interest for prospective studies.

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Antinociceptive activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and interactions with neurotropics and analgesics

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Development of propolis and essential oils containing oral/throat spray formulation against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Development of propolis and essential oils containing oral/throat spray formulation against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats

Antinociceptive Analysis of Natural Monoterpenes Eugenol, Menthol, Carvacrol and Thymol in a Zebrafish Larval Model

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