Abstract:Seed oil (Pp-oil) of Plukenetia polyadenia is used by native people of the Brazilian Amazon against arthritis and rheumatism, spreading it on the arms and legs to reduce the pain and inflammation. Pp-oil was obtained by pressing dried seeds at room temperature to give a 47.0% yield of oil. It was then subjected to fatty acid composition analysis. The principal fatty acids were linoleic acid (46.5%), α-linolenic acid (34.4%) and oleic acid (13.9%). Then, it was evaluated for its antinociceptive activity in mice… Show more
“…Os grupos receberam por via oral (cânula oro-gástrica), durante 30 dias [16][17][18][19][20] doses de OECC. O grupo controle recebeu água destilada correspondente a 0,1 mL/100g de peso vivo e Tween 80 a 1%.…”
FarmáciaEste é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Descritores: Cymbopogon citratus; Graminaceae; óleo essencial; toxicidade aguda.
ARTIGO DE
SummaryThe aim of this work was the acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluation of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf with the determination of the LD 50 in mice and the analysis of their biochemical and haematological parameters in rats. The plant is used in the Amazon folk medicine for several diseases and in their essential oil the citral is the main constituent, presenting anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsive and fungicide properties. The LD 50 was 3000±91.32 mg/kg, the essential oil do not change significantly the biochemical and hematological parameters when compared with the control group. The LD 50 and the biochemical and haematological results have suggested that the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus presented a low toxicity.
“…Os grupos receberam por via oral (cânula oro-gástrica), durante 30 dias [16][17][18][19][20] doses de OECC. O grupo controle recebeu água destilada correspondente a 0,1 mL/100g de peso vivo e Tween 80 a 1%.…”
FarmáciaEste é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Descritores: Cymbopogon citratus; Graminaceae; óleo essencial; toxicidade aguda.
ARTIGO DE
SummaryThe aim of this work was the acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluation of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf with the determination of the LD 50 in mice and the analysis of their biochemical and haematological parameters in rats. The plant is used in the Amazon folk medicine for several diseases and in their essential oil the citral is the main constituent, presenting anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsive and fungicide properties. The LD 50 was 3000±91.32 mg/kg, the essential oil do not change significantly the biochemical and hematological parameters when compared with the control group. The LD 50 and the biochemical and haematological results have suggested that the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus presented a low toxicity.
“… Figure 1 Comparison of the content of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (including linoleic acid, C18:2 n-6, ω-6, and α-linolenic acid, C18:3 n-3, ω-3) fatty acids between four of the five large-seeded Plukenetia species known to have been cultivated. Data adapted from 7 , 14 , 15 , 18 . Image of Plukenetia conophora adapted from 13 .…”
Several Amazonian species of Plukenetia are remarkably rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular α-linolenic acid. The lipid composition of the large-seeded, recently described ‘Mountain Sacha Inchi’ Plukenetia carolis-vegae is reported here for the first time, and compared with Plukenetia huayllabambana, two cultivars of Plukenetia volubilis, and a newly developed hybrid between P. volubilis and P. carolis-vegae. All species and cultivars had a very high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 82.6–86.7% of total fatty acids, and at least 46.6% α-linolenic acid of total fatty acids. The highest content was found in P. carolis-vegae which had 57.4%. The exceptionally high α-linolenic acid content suggests that P. carolis-vegae may be an important plant-derived dietary source of this essential fatty acid and that the species has considerable potential for further domestication and commercialisation of its seeds and seed oil. A TAG analysis was carried out for the two P. volubilis cultivars, in which LLnLn and LnLL were most prevalent, and for P. huayllabambana, in which LLnLn constituted the largest fraction, followed by LnLnLn, indicating that this large-seeded species also has interesting dietary properties.
“…Plukenetia seeds exhibit two main qualities that make them desirable for study. First, several species have large edible seeds that are rich in omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and protein content [3–5], making them high-interest crops for both domestic consumption and growing international markets. Second, species of Plukenetia exhibit remarkable seed size variation for a genus (Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is unclear if seed size is conserved among most closely related taxa or if it is merely a trait that has been poorly documented at that level. Here, we highlight Plukenetia as a tractable, small-sized genus with a growing number of seed-related resources (e.g., oil composition [3–5], germination rate [19–22]) that shows promise for understanding how seed size variation develops among closely related species.…”
BackgroundPlukenetia is a small pantropical genus of lianas and vines with variably sized edible oil-rich seeds that presents an ideal system to investigate neotropical and pantropical diversification patterns and seed size evolution. We assessed the biogeography and seed evolution of Plukenetia through phylogenetic analyses of a 5069 character molecular dataset comprising five nuclear and two plastid markers for 86 terminals in subtribe Plukenetiinae (representing 20 of ~ 23 Plukenetia species). Two nuclear genes, KEA1 and TEB, were used for phylogenetic reconstruction for the first time. Our goals were: (1) produce a robust, time-dependent evolutionary framework for Plukenetia using BEAST; (2) reconstruct its biogeographical history with ancestral range estimation in BioGeoBEARS; (3) define seed size categories; (4) identify patterns of seed size evolution using ancestral state estimation; and (5) conduct regression analyses with putative drivers of seed size using the threshold model.ResultsPlukenetia was resolved into two major groups, which we refer to as the pinnately- and palmately-veined clades. Our analyses suggest Plukenetia originated in the Amazon or Atlantic Forest of Brazil during the Oligocene (28.7 Mya) and migrated/dispersed between those regions and Central America/Mexico throughout the Miocene. Trans-oceanic dispersals explain the pantropical distribution of Plukenetia, including from the Amazon to Africa in the Early Miocene (17.4 Mya), followed by Africa to Madagascar and Africa to Southeast Asia in the Late Miocene (9.4 Mya) and Pliocene (4.5 Mya), respectively. We infer a single origin of large seeds in the ancestor of Plukenetia. Seed size fits a Brownian motion model of trait evolution and is moderately to strongly associated with plant size, fruit type/dispersal syndrome, and seedling ecology. Biome shifts were not drivers of seed size, although there was a weak association with a transition to fire prone semi-arid savannas.ConclusionsThe major relationships among the species of Plukenetia are now well-resolved. Our biogeographical analyses support growing evidence that many pantropical distributions developed by periodic trans-oceanic dispersals throughout the Miocene and Pliocene. Selection on a combination of traits contributed to seed size variation, while movement between forest edge/light gap and canopy niches likely contributed to the seed size extremes in Plukenetia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1308-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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