Antinociceptive Activity and Redox Profile of the Monoterpenes (+)-Camphene,p-Cymene, and Geranyl Acetate in Experimental Models

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate antinocicpetive and redox properties of the monoterpenes (+)-camphene, p-cymene, and geranyl acetate in in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Methods. Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity of (+)-camphene, p-cymene, and geranyl acetate using different free radical-generating systems and evaluation of antinociceptive actions by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced nociception tests in mice. Results. p-Cymene has the strongest antinociceptive effect, but (+)-camphene and geranyl acetate also present significant activity at high doses (200 mg/kg). (+)-Camphene had the strongest antioxidant effect in vitro at TBARS and TRAP/TAR assays and also had the highest scavenging activities against different free radicals, such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Sodium nitroprussiate-derived NO production was enhanced by (+)-camphene. Geranyl acetate and p-cymene also presented some antioxidant effects, but with a varying profile according the free radical-generating system studied. Conclusion. (+)-Camphene, p-cymene, and geranyl acetate may present pharmacological properties related to inflammation and pain-related processes, being potentially useful for development of new therapeutic strategies, with limited possibilities for p-cymene and geranyl acetate.

Inhibition of the compound action potentials of frog sciatic nerves by aroma oil compounds having various chemical structures

“…), geranyl acetate existing in ylang ylang has an antinociceptive effect (Quintans‐Júnior et al. ), and bornyl acetate contained in conifer leaf oil produces autonomic nerve relaxation (Matsubara et al. ).…”

Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties of the Essential Oils of Satureja thymbra and Satureja parnassica and their Major Constituents

“…p-Cymene has demonstrated only weak antioxidant activity whenever it has been studied and regardless of the assay used (19,23,24). γ-Τerpinene, on the other hand, was found to possess strong antioxidant capacity using the DPPH method (23).…”

Antioxidant Capacity Of Wyoming Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentataSSP.Wyomingensis) Varies Spatially and is Not Related to the Presence of a Sagebrush Dietary Specialist

“…The higher antioxidant activity of samples from the Camas Prairie site for a given amount of polyphenolics could be due to the higher concentration of specific PSMs that have a greater antioxidant activity than others, or it may be due to other classes of PSMs that also have antioxidant capacity that we did not investigate. For example, several monoterpenes, such as (+)-camphene, p -cymene, and borneol, have antioxidant capacity (Kordali et al 2005, Quintans-Júnior et al 2013), and these PSMs are also found in sagebrush (Bray et al 1991, Ulappa et al 2014). …”