Antimycobacterial Metabolites from Marine Invertebrates

Abstract

Marine organisms play an important role in natural product-based drug research due to accumulation of structurally unique and bioactive metabolites. The exploration of marine-derived compounds may significantly extend the scientific knowledge of potential scaffolds for antibiotic drug discovery. Development of novel antitubercular agents is especially significant as the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains remains threateningly high. Marine invertebrates (i.e., sponges, corals, gorgonians) as a source of new chemical entities are the center of research for several scientific groups, and the wide spectrum of biological activities of marine-derived compounds encourages scientists to carry out investigations in the field of antibiotic research, including tuberculosis treatment. The present review covers published data on antitubercular natural products from marine invertebrates grouped according to their biogenetic origin. Studies on the structure-activity relationships of these important leads are highlighted as well.

Chemical compositions and biological activities of marine invertebrates from the East Sea of South Korea

“…However, the antibacterial effects on E. coli did not mark values (> 1024 μg/ml) which indicate all extracts were less effective on E. coli. Hence, the results suggested that both (Daletos et al 2016;Natarajan et al 2010). They have found that methanol extract of Polyclinum madrasensis could inhibit the activity of S. aureus through 23 mm of zone of inhibition at a concentration of 4 mg/ml (Natarajan et al 2010), which was a greater inhibitory effect compared with the 70% EtOH extract of C. papposus japonicus and H. glacialis.…”

Anti‐Tubercular Insights of Carbolines – A Decade Critique

“…Numerous alkaloids with β‐carboline scaffold were reported, and simple modifications on the carboline moiety showed promising anti‐tubercular activity. An unusual marine‐derived group of compounds containing complex polycyclic bis‐3‐alkyl pyridine alkaloids with β‐carboline moiety, manzamine alkaloid, [53] whose both natural as well as synthetic derivatives have shown potent inhibition against Mtb with less than 6.25 μg mL −1 MIC value [54] . Manzamine alkaloids may be a viable lead compound for the development of anti‐mycobacterial drugs targetting Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase (MtSK) enzyme [5] .…”

“…exhibited potent inhibition of MTB (H 37 Rv). A comparison of manzamine E and its hydroxy derivatives reveals that β‐carboline with hydroxy functionality is essential for significant anti‐tubercular activity [53] …”

Further Developments

“…The online‐only publication allows the inclusion of colored graphics and also other file formats without additional costs for the authors. Several topical review articles have been published, covering heterogeneous topics like epigenetics in cancer , heterocyclic tyrosine kinase inhibitors , biomarkers , beta‐cell regulators , privileged scaffolds , alternative antibiotics , antimycobacterial metabolites or enzyme‐oriented antimycotics , covalent inhibitors , heterologous antibiotic production as well as tool boxes or PPP models in drug discovery , not to mention the numerous excellent original papers. Therefore, I would like to thank all authors for their valuable contributions and all reviewers for their careful and most helpful support.…”