Antimutagenicity of Novel Phenothiazines in Chemically Induced Mutagenesis

Synergism between Antiplasmid Promethazine and Antibiotics In Vitro and In Vivo

“…These results provide insight into the chemical structures connected with significant specific antimicrobial, so called antiplasmid effects [8,14].…”

“…Conversely, certain medicines, e.g., tranquilisers and antidepressants used in everyday medical practice exert a similar antiplasmid effect similar to that of acridine in vitro. However the phenothiazines studied were not mutagenic and their copper, palladium and gold coordination complexes had a remarkable anti-mutagenic effectiveness [8] and antiplasmid effects [13] by shielding DNA base pairs.…”

“…It is known that open circular forms or linear forms of CCC form of plasmid DNA cannot start to replicate from the origin of the promoter region due to the relaxed form of plasmid DNA [8,16]. Based on these observations new anthril compounds were synthetized [19].…”

“…In those experiments, chlorpromazine was found to be more effective than the acridines. For plasmid elimination we applied tricyclic compounds phenothiazines which were not mutagenic in vitro by the direct Ames test [8] and hence if effective, could be considered for in vivo human use. Of major importance is that these phenothiazine compounds were subsequently shown to possess antimutagenic properties.…”

The Role of the Membrane Actions of Phenothiazines and Flavonoids as Functional Modulators

“…Apart from effects on bacteria phenothiazines could also act as antifungal agents, as was shown with respect to Saccaromyces cerevisiae [9] and Candida albicans [10]. In many studies on cancer cells, various phenothiazine derivatives were proved to act as antitumor [11,12], antimutagenic, chemopreventive [13][14][15], antiproliferative, or pro-apoptotic agents [16][17][18].…”