Antimutagenic Potential ofSolanum lycocarpumagainst Induction of Chromosomal Aberrations in V79 Cells and Micronuclei in Mice by Doxorubicin

Abstract

Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae) is a hairy shrub or small much-branched tree of the Brazilian Cerrado. S. lycocarpum fruits are commonly used in traditional medicine in powder form or as folk preparations for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, as well as for controlling cholesterol levels. The aim of the present study was to chemically characterize the hydroalcoholic extract (SL) of S. lycocarpum by determination of total flavonoids and total poyphenols and quantification of steroidal alkaloids, as well as to evaluate its mutagenic and/or antimutagenic potential on V79 cells and Swiss mice using chromosomal aberrations and bone marrow micronucleus assays, respectively. Three concentrations of SL (16, 32, and 24 µg/mL) were used for the evaluation of its mutagenic potential in V79 cells and four doses (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg body weight) were used for Swiss mice. In the antimutagenicity assays, the different concentrations of SL were combined with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR). HPLC analysis of SL gave contents of 6.57 % ± 0.41 of solasonine and 4.60 % ± 0.40 of solamargine. Total flavonoids and polyphenols contents in SL were 0.04 and 3.60 %, respectively. The results showed that not only SL exerted no mutagenic effect, but it also significantly reduced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by DXR in both V79 cells and micronuclei in Swiss mice at the doses tested.

A New Antileishmanial Preparation of Combined Solamargine and Solasonine Heals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis through Different Immunochemical Pathways

“…Drug resistance is a major problem associated with the failure of treatment of human infections caused by this type of parasite and underscores the importance of the development of novel drugs (21)(22)(23). Plant products have long been used in traditional medicine to treat different types of illnesses (2,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and are now considered a good alternative for drug discovery. There are promising compounds originally isolated from plants with leishmanicidal properties, which could be antileishmanial drugs with commercial potential.…”

“…There are some other compounds with interesting possibilities for further development as antileishmanial drugs (24)(25)(26)(27). Compounds isolated from S. lycocarpum have already demonstrated great potential as antimicrobials and cytotoxic products (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). In particular, the glycoalkaloids from this plant present potent antimicrobial activity (11,13,(16)(17)(18).…”

“…(Solanaceae), also known as wolf fruit ("fruto-do-lobo"), have been used to treat a number of medical conditions. Preparations from this plant also display cytotoxic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antimutagenic activities (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). We showed that alkaloids from this plant are lethal to Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes (9).…”

Antigenotoxic Effects of Piquiá (Caryocar villosum) in Multiple Rat Organs

“…The protective mechanisms of fruits and vegetables have been related to their antioxidant contents, such as carotenoids and a vast array of polyphenolic compounds [25], and it is likely that these compounds together provide better ANOVA and Dunnett's test were used to determine significance of differences protective effects than a single molecule does alone [26]. Scavenging of free radicals may be considered one of the most important antioxidant functions of phenolic compounds; moreover, these compounds also act as metal chelators, function as inhibitors or activators of a large variety of mammalian enzymes, and interfere with the pathways that regulate cell division and proliferation, detoxification, and inflammatory and immune response [27].…”

“…The assessment of dose-response relationships is complicated by the fact that many chemoprotective compounds act simultaneously at different protection levels [30], and it is worth noting that the functions of antioxidants are dependent on some factors and under certain conditions; for example, at high concentrations, phenols can initiate an autoxidation process and behave like pro-oxidants [27]. Other studies have also demonstrated an inverse dosedependent relationship [26,31]. As such, the lack of a dose-response relationship might be attributed to the activation of different mechanisms depending on the piquiá dose used.…”