Antimutagenic effects of germanium oxide on Trp-P-2-induced frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA1538

Kada, Tsuneo; Mochizuki, Hajime; Miyao, Kohei

doi:10.1016/0027-5107(84)90066-6

Cited by 39 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Carbon (C), silicon (Si), and Ge are in group IV-A of the Periodic Table, and there are some similarities between Si and Ge due to the common properties of both elements. Silicon-hydrogen (H) bonds and Ge-H bonds are similar in strength, 63 and 56.7 kcal/mole, respectively (4), and have similar atomic radii [0.134 nm for Si and 0.139 nm for Ge, (6)]. Unlike carbon (C) and Si, Ge does not appear to form chains of more than three atoms (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Germanium accumulation and toxicity in barley

Halperin

Barzilay

Carson

et al. 1995

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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The accumulation of germanium (Ge) by barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. 'Arivat') grown at various Ge and pH levels was investigated because Ge is an industrially important metal and bioaccumulation of Ge is a potentially useful means of concentrating this trace metal. Six-day-old barley seedlings were grown in perlite and nutrient solution adjusted to a pH of 4.5, 6.0, or 7.5 supplemented with 20, 40,60, or 80 μM Ge for seven days. The plants were divided into roots and shoots after harvesting; the dry weight and Ge content of the individual organs were measured, as was the peroxidase activity in the distal 1 cm of the primary leaves.Barley seedlings accumulated Ge in the roots and shoots; the shoots accumulated Ge linearly as medium Ge concentration increased. The dry weight of the organs was not affected, although necrosis was observed in the primary leaves of the seedlings treated with Ge concentrations greater than 20μM. Peroxidase activity in the primary leaves also increased as the Ge levels in the medium increased which indicated that elevated levels of Ge stimulated leaf senescence. These results demonstrate that barley plants can take up Ge and suggest that Ge is not toxic at the levels that might occur in areas where Ge is normally mined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Germanium is used in the electronics and computer industries (14,17), and Ge has been shown to be an anti-mutagen for (("-ray-induced mutations (10) and frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium (6). Van Dyke et al (1989) reported that Ge can also function as an antibiotic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Germanium accumulation and toxicity in barley

Halperin

Barzilay

Carson

et al. 1995

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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“…Briefly, 0.1 ml of Trp-P-2 (30 µg/ml) was incubated with 0.5 ml of S-9 mix for 20 min at 37°C with shaking, and resulting activated N-OH-Trp-P-2 was dissolved in 0.1 ml of distilled water. The reaction mixtures in each desmutagenicity test was added 3 ml of soft agar, respectively, and were poured onto the semi-enriched agar medium (MBB agar) plate (4,9). After each MBB agar plate was incubated at 37°C for 3 days, the number of reverting colonies were counted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimutagens inCirsium maritimum

Nakasugi¹,

Nakashima

Komai

2003

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants

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Antimutagens from Cirsium maritimum Makino (Compositae), purified chromatographically, were monitored for antimutagenic activity against Trp-P-2 in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. Purification resulted in the isolation of a strong antimutagen, 5,49-dihydroxy-6,7dimethoxyflavone (cirsimaritin), and the 49-O-glucoside of cirsimaritin, cirsimarin, from the methanol extract. In addition, cirsimaritin was demonstrated to be a desmutagen that either acted directly on Trp-P-2 or inhibited metabolic activation.

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“…Organogermanium compounds are shown to possess antioxidant-like properties (Yang and Kim, 1999), antitumor activities (Shangguan et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2009) and several other biological roles, including neurotropic, anticoagulant, vasodilating and cardioprotective functions (Lukevics and Ignatovich, 2003). Compounds like germanium oxide have been shown as potent antimutagens (Kada et al, 1984), although different microorganisms show differential sensitivities to these compounds . The potential of organic germanium compounds as effective antibacterial agents has been successfully proved against some of the human pathogenic bacteria (Sellapa and Jeyaraman, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial effects of pure metals on clinically important bacteria growing in planktonic cultures and biofilms

Alquthami¹,

Johny²,

Wainwright³

2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is emerging as an issue of serious concern in bio-medical research as well as food and health organizations. Metal complexes are currently being employed in medical devices for their inhibition to bacterial adherence and antibacterial activities. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of pure metals, including selenium, germanium and lithium on planktonic cultures and biofilms of three bacterial species: S. aureus SH1000, P aeruginosa PA01 and E. coli. O157:H7. The antagonistic effects of selenium, germanium and lithium on these three bacterial species were examined using zone of inhibition assay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics (rifampicin, mupirocin and ciprofloxacin) and metals (selenium, germanium and lithium) were measured. The minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) of metals were determined against biofilms composed of S. aureus SH1000 and P. aeruginosa PA01. Metal susceptibility tests suggested that biofilms displayed increased resistance over their planktonic state. Differential inhibitory effects were observed for different strains of planktonic and biofilm bacteria in response to different metals and their varying concentrations. Amongst the three metals tested, selenium proved to be the most active against all three species, whereas lithium demonstrated the least inhibitory effects. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis revealed several detrimental structural changes in bacterial cells exposed to metals compared to those grown in the metal-free culture. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the antibacterial efficacy of pure metals against planktonic and biofilm bacteria paving the way for further similar investigations in search of alternative antibacterial agents.

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Antimutagenic effects of germanium oxide on Trp-P-2-induced frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA1538

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Germanium accumulation and toxicity in barley

Germanium accumulation and toxicity in barley

Antimutagens inCirsium maritimum

Antibacterial effects of pure metals on clinically important bacteria growing in planktonic cultures and biofilms

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