Antimüllerian hormone in relation to tobacco and marijuana use and sources of indoor heating/cooking

Choe

Environ Health Prev Med

et al. 2021

Background Mounting evidence implicates an association between ambient air pollution and impaired reproductive potential of human. Our study aimed to assess the association between air pollution and ovarian reserve in young, infertile women. Methods Our study included 2276 Korean women who attended a single fertility center in 2016–2018. Women’s exposure to air pollution was assessed using concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) that had been collected at 269 air quality monitoring sites. Exposure estimates were computed for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months prior to the ovarian reserve tests. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) ratio (defined as an observed-to-expected AMH based on age) and low AMH (defined as < 0.5 ng/mL) were employed as indicators of ovarian reserve. We included a clustering effect of 177 districts in generalized estimating equations approach. A secondary analysis was conducted restricting the analyses to Seoul residents to examine the association in highly urbanized setting. Results The mean age was 36.6 ± 4.2 years and AMH level was 3.3 ± 3.1 ng/mL in the study population. Average AMH ratio was 0.8 ± 0.7 and low AMH was observed in 10.3% of women (n=235). The average concentration of six air pollutants was not different between the normal ovarian reserve and low AMH groups for all averaging periods. In multivariable models, an interquartile range (IQR)-increase in 1 month-average PM10 was associated with decrease in AMH ratio among total population (β= −0.06, 95% confidence interval: −0.11, 0.00). When we restrict our analysis to those living in Seoul, IQR-increases in 1 and 12 month-average PM2.5 were associated with 3% (95% CI: −0.07, 0.00) and 10% (95% CI: −0.18, −0.01) decrease in AMH ratio. The ORs per IQR increase in the six air pollutants were close to null in total population and Seoul residents. Conclusions In a cohort of infertile Korean women, there was a suggestive evidence of the negative association between ambient PM concentration and ovarian reserve, highlighting the potential adverse impact of air pollution on women’s fertility.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor air pollution and diminished ovarian reserve among infertile Korean women

Choe

Environ Health Prev Med

et al. 2021

“…Experimental evidence has confirmed that PAH metabolites can react with DNA and form PAH-DNA adducts, which leads to mutations of cancer related-genes and cell death (35)(36)(37). Potential carcinogenic pathways include sister chromatid exchange, mutations in TP53 as well as DNA methylation (26,38,39). BaP, a marker of carcinogenic potency of PAH mixture and an endocrine-disrupting pollutant, was associated with increased risk of breast cancer in a French cohort (13,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covariates of potential interest comprised of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, household air pollution, reproductive history and family history, which were selected based on previous literature on this topic ( 15 , 16 , 26 ). The demographic variables included age (continuous variable), study region (urban, rural), education (no education, primary school, middle school, high school and above), occupation (unemployed/retired, agricultural worker, factory worker, non-manual worker), annual family income (<10,000, 10,000–34,999, ≥35,000 yuan), marital status (married, never married/widowed/separated/divorced).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Air Pollution From Solid Cooking Fuel Combustion and Female Breast Cancer

Liu

Chen

Zheng

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

Background: Women bear a large share of disease burden caused by household air pollution due to their great involvement in domestic activities. Pollutant emissions are believed to vary by exposure patterns such as cooking and space heating. Little is known about the independent effect of solid cooking fuel combustion on breast cancer risk. We aimed to examine the association of indoor coal and wood combustion for cooking with breast cancer risk.Methods: During June 2004–July 2008, participants aged 30–79 from 10 diverse regions across China were enrolled in the China Kadoorie Biobank. Primary cooking fuel use information in up to three residences was self-reported at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression models yielded adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 290,396 female participants aged 30–79 were included in the main analysis. Compared with long-term clean fuel users, the fully adjusted ORs were 2.07 (95%CI: 1.37–3.13) for long-term coal users, 1.12 (95% CI: 0.72–1.76) for long-term wood users, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.55–1.74) for those who used mixed solid fuels to cook. Those who had switched from solid to clean fuels did not have an excess risk of breast cancer (OR: 0.88, 95%CI 0.71–1.10).Conclusion: Long-term solid fuel combustion for cooking may increase the risk of breast cancer. The strength of association is stronger among coal users than wood users. Targeted interventions are needed to accelerate the access to clean and affordable energy.

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

“…In a cross-sectional analysis of 913 women, White et al found no association between past or current cannabis use and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. 18 AMH is an indirect marker of fertility and ovarian follicular reserve, and correlates with IVF success rates and time to menopause. Cannabis smoking status, use frequency, years of use, and age of initiation were not associated with serum AMH levels.…”

Section: Cannabis and Female Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Cannabis on Female Reproductive Health Across the Life Course

Corsi

Murphy

Cook

2021

Introduction: Cannabis is commonly used for its medicinal and therapeutic benefits and is also widely used as a recreational drug. Cannabis use has been increasing in Canada, including among Canadian women of reproductive age. Post-legalization, further increases in cannabis use are expected due to increased availability and lowered perceptions of harm. Although cannabinoids are well known for their effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems, endocannabinoid receptors have also been characterized throughout the female reproductive tract. Cannabinoids may affect many aspects of female reproductive health, including fertility, pregnancy outcomes with neonatal implications, and menopause. Purpose: To provide a comprehensive review of trends in cannabis use among women and review the impact of cannabis across the female reproductive lifespan. Methods: We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using keywords and MeSH terms. Included studies reported the potential impact of cannabinoids on female fertility, pregnancy, transmission to breast milk, neonatal outcomes, and menopause. Results: The existing literature is primarily concentrated on the effect of cannabis use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, with little exploration of its impact on fertility and in later life. Studies are limited in number, with small sample sizes, and are hampered by methodological challenges related to confounding and other potential biases. Conclusions: There remain critical gaps in the literature about the potential risks of cannabis use, particularly in vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, women who are breastfeeding, and their infants. Given the rise in the prevalence of cannabis use, new, robust investigations into the consequences of cannabis exposure on female reproductive health are needed.