Antimony Sulfide Nanosheets with Size-Dependent Nonlinear Optical Properties for Q-Switched Pulse Applications

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials are among the most efficient optical materials for Q-switched pulse applications, rising to unprecedented heights. Although the exploration of 2D nanomaterials has attracted strong interest, the results from current studies remain questionable, requiring further achievements in tailored control of their properties. In this work, antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) nanosheets are prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation, and nanosheets of different sizes are obtained by regulating ultrasonication parameters and centrifugation speed. The nonlinear optical properties of Sb2S3 nanosheets are investigated using the Z-scan technique for the first time, which exhibit excellent saturable absorption and thereby promising potential for saturable absorber applications. Among the different sizes of Sb2S3 nanosheets, the smaller-sized nanosheets exhibit better nonlinear optical properties, which is ascribed to the higher proportion of surfaces and edges. Finally, stable laser pulses with peak power as high as 2.68 W are readily generated at the wavelength of 1064 nm. This work opens an innovative avenue toward nonlinear optical devices based on Sb2S3 and provides reasonable regulation of 2D saturable absorbers.

Passively Mode-Locked Er-Doped Fiber Laser Based on Sb2S3-PVA Saturable Absorber

“…As shown in Figure 2 d, characteristic B 1g Raman modes are located at 187 and 256 cm −1 under test wavelengths of 532 nm, the position of peaks matched well with the typical frequency shift of Sb 2 S 3 in Ref. [ 39 ]. In Figure 2 e, when the test wavelength was changed into 633 nm, Raman shift peaks appeared at 142, 187, 249, 278 and 294 cm −1 , approximatively in agreement with the peaks in the previous literature [ 40 ].…”

“…However, there were few attentions paid to study on nonlinear optical properties of Sb 2 S 3 . In 2021, Zhou reported a 1.06 μm passively Q-switched solid-state laser based on Sb 2 S 3 SA with peak power as high as 2.68 W [ 39 ]. Nevertheless, there were no reports on Q-switched or mode-locked fiber lasers based on Sb 2 S 3 SA yet.…”

Covalent functionalization of Sb2S3 with poly(N-vinylcarbazole) for solid-state broadband laser protection

“…The smaller the size is, the better the nonlinear optical (NLO) response appears due to the higher proportion of surfaces and edges. 7 Similar observations were found in the Sb 2 S 3 / RGO nanocomposites at 532 nm. 8 Furthermore, it was found that besides the third-order NLO absorption, the Sb 2 S 3 nanosheets also show the NLO refraction with self-focusing effects.…”

“…11,12 For this reason, we used pre-synthesized antimony sulphide-[S-1-dodecyl-S 0 -(a,a 0 -dimethyl-a 0 0 -acetic acid)trithiocarbonate] (Sb 2 S 3 -DDAT) as a RAFT agent to successfully synthesize in situ a highly soluble Sb 2 S 3 covalently functionalized with poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (Sb 2 S 3 -PVK) for the first time, as shown in Scheme 1. Sb 2 S 3 was prepared according to the method reported in the literature 7 and acts as an electron acceptor (A) in Sb 2 S 3 -PVK, while PVK serves as an electron donor (D). The enhancement of the NLO and OL performance of the D-A type organic/polymeric functional materials can be logically attributed to the increase of the intramolecular transition dipole moment between the excited states involved in the electronic transition responsible for the OL effect during the photoinduced ET process.…”

Present Status and Future Perspective of Antimony Chalcogenide (Sb2X3) Photovoltaics

“…Sb 2 X 3 is not on the lists of highly toxic materials by American, European Union, or Chinese regulation authorities or in the lethal dose LD50 or lethal concentration LCt50 data. 11 These materials have been explored for various device applications, such as television cameras with photoconducting targets, 89 Na-and Li-ion batteries, 90,91 thermoelectric cooling devices, 89 visible to near-infrared detectors, 92 light-responsive photocatalysis such as hydrogen generation, 93,94 switching devices, 95 PV structures, 96 and resonant laser cavity and optical data storage devices. 97 The active research on Sb 2 X 3 solar cells started in 2021.…”