Antimony Film Microelectrode for Anodic Stripping Measurement of Cadmium(II), Lead(II) and Copper(II)

Abstract

The antimony film microelectrode (SbFME) is presented for measuring trace heavy metal ions in combination with anodic stripping voltammetry. The SbFME was tested in model solutions of 0.01 M HCl containing Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the presence of dissolved oxygen. The microsensor exhibited good linear behavior in the examined concentration range 20 mg L À1 to 100 mg L À1 and LoD of 1.9 and 3.1 mg L À1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The suitability of SbFME for measuring trace levels of Cu(II) was demonstrated using the standard reference material of natural water exploiting the sensors specific characteristic of low re-oxidation signal for antimony.

Electroanalytical Techniques Most Frequently Used in Drug Analysis

“…The toxicity of bismuth is negligible, making these electrodes very attractive for routine applications in environmental, trace metal and pharmaceutical analysis, as reviewed in [126]. More recently, antimony film electrodes have been successfully developed with the same aim [127]. A variety of new and newly introduced materials such as dental amalgam, boron-doped diamond, carbon composite, carbon film and screen-printed carbon electrodes have also been used for stripping voltammetry.…”

Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Copper Traces in Carbonate Minerals and Fly Ash Extracts Using a Screen-Printed Electrode Modified In Situ with Antimony Film

“…The application of the antimony film electrodes (SbFE) for the detection of Cu appeared to be more attractive because of the lower sensitivity of the Sb anodic wave in comparison to that of Bi and consequently, its lower influence on the Cu response. Therefore, mainly SbFEs deposited in situ on the glassy carbon [20,21] and carbon paste [22,23] supports have been proposed for the determination of Cu, although the tin film electrode (SnFE) has also been used for this purpose [24]. It was evidenced that the most sensitive Cu signals at the SbFE deposited in situ on the glassy carbon or carbon paste supports were observed in such supporting electrolytes as hydrochloric acid [20,22,23] or potassium tartrate [21].…”

“…Therefore, mainly SbFEs deposited in situ on the glassy carbon [20,21] and carbon paste [22,23] supports have been proposed for the determination of Cu, although the tin film electrode (SnFE) has also been used for this purpose [24]. It was evidenced that the most sensitive Cu signals at the SbFE deposited in situ on the glassy carbon or carbon paste supports were observed in such supporting electrolytes as hydrochloric acid [20,22,23] or potassium tartrate [21]. Due to the insensitive response of Sb in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid, it was possible to determine a relatively low Cu concentration, although the Cu and Sb anodic peaks were almost identical [23].…”

Tellurium Film Electrodes Deposited on Carbon and Mesoporous Carbon Screen‐printed Substrates for Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Copper

“…The SbFE proved to be a better alternative for the detection of Cu owing to the less prominent stripping signal in comparison to that of Bi and, consequently, its lower effect on the Cu response. Therefore, Sb films deposited in situ on glassy carbon , carbon paste and screen‐printed carbon substrates have been predominantly utilized in the ASV determination of Cu. The application of tin films deposited on an SPE for this purpose has also been suggested .…”