Antimonene Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Application as Near‐Infrared Photothermal Agents for Effective Cancer Therapy

Tao, Wei; Ji, Xiaoyuan; Xu, Xiaoding; Islam, Mohammad Ariful; Li, Zhongjun; Chen, Si; Saw, Phei Er; Zhang, Han; Bharwani, Zameer; Guo, Zilei; Shi, Jinjun; Farokhzad, Omid C.

doi:10.1002/anie.201703657

Cited by 479 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…TheG eQDs exhibit the 3d 5/2 and 3d 3/2 doublets at 29.6 and 29.3 eV, respectively,w hich are characteristic of Ge crystals. [3,13] All XRD peaks of the GeQDs,b efore and after PEG coating, are consistent with the Ge standard card (JCPDS 04-0545, Figure 1i). Therefore, DSPE-PEG,i.e., 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (poly-ethylene-glycol)],w as employed to modify the GeQD surface by both hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces,w hich lead to improved dispersity and stability in physiological solutions.A sp resented in Figure S2 in the Supporting Information, no obvious agglomeration of PEG-coated GeQDs (PEG@GeQDs) was observed after 24 hi ncubation in both phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution and DMEM medium, indicating the significantly better stability compared to bare GeQDs.T o confirm that GeQDs were coated by DSPE-PEG successfully, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was utilized to determine the chemical constitutions of GeQDs before and after PEG coating.A ss hown in Figure 1g,t he absorption peaks at approximately 2920 cm À1 were assigned to CH stretching, and the peaks at approximately 1655-1665 cm À1 correspond to C = Os tretching, demonstrating the successful PEGylation of GeQDs.F urthermore,R aman and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were applied to further confirm the crystalline structure of GeQDs and PEG@GeQDs.T he characteristic peak in the Raman spectra of GeQDs is slightly redshifted compared with that of Ge powder, [5a,7] confirming the structure of GeQDs ( Figure 1h).…”

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confidence: 72%

“…[1] Different nanostructures that possess strong absorbance of NIR light have been exploited as photothermal agents (PTAs). [3] Emerging two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials (Xenes) with planar topology have provided more possibilities for the development of novel and robust PTAs (for example,graphene and black phosphorus (BP)). [3] Emerging two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials (Xenes) with planar topology have provided more possibilities for the development of novel and robust PTAs (for example,graphene and black phosphorus (BP)).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thep hotothermal curves of PEG@GeQDs exhibited concentration and powerdependent photothermal effects (Figure 2a,b). In sharp contrast, at emperature increase of only 3.8 8 8Cw as detected in H 2 O, suggesting the excellent photothermal effect of PEG@-GeQDs.M oreover,t he photothermal conversion efficiency (h)o fP EG@GeQDs was obtained according to previous methods, [3] and the h value of PEG@GeQDs was estimated to be 45.9 %(see the Supporting Information for details), which is much higher than many PTAs,f or instance,g old nanorods (21 %), BPQDs (28.4 %), boron nanosheets (42.5 %), Cu 2Àx Se nanocrystals (22 %), MoS 2 nanosheets (24 %), Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets (30.6 %), and Bi 2 Se 3 nanosheets (31.1 %, Supporting Information, Table S1). In sharp contrast, at emperature increase of only 3.8 8 8Cw as detected in H 2 O, suggesting the excellent photothermal effect of PEG@-GeQDs.M oreover,t he photothermal conversion efficiency (h)o fP EG@GeQDs was obtained according to previous methods, [3] and the h value of PEG@GeQDs was estimated to be 45.9 %(see the Supporting Information for details), which is much higher than many PTAs,f or instance,g old nanorods (21 %), BPQDs (28.4 %), boron nanosheets (42.5 %), Cu 2Àx Se nanocrystals (22 %), MoS 2 nanosheets (24 %), Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets (30.6 %), and Bi 2 Se 3 nanosheets (31.1 %, Supporting Information, Table S1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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2D Monoelemental Germanene Quantum Dots: Synthesis as Robust Photothermal Agents for Photonic Cancer Nanomedicine

Ouyang

Feng

et al. 2019

Angewandte Chemie

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As an ew family member of the emerging twodimensional (2D) monoelemental materials (Xenes), germanene has shown promising advantages over the prototypical 2D Xenes,s uch as black phosphorus (BP) and graphene. However,e fficient manufacture of novel germanene nanostructures is still ac hallenge.H erein, as imple top-down approach for the liquid-exfoliation of ultra-small germanene quantum dots (GeQDs) is presented. The prepared GeQDs possess an average lateral size of about 4.5 nm and thickness of about 2.2 nm. The functionalizedG eQDs were demonstrated to be robust photothermal agents (PTAs) with outstanding photothermal conversion efficacy (higher than those of graphene and BPQDs), superior stability,a nd excellent biocompatibility.A saproof-of-principle,2 DG eQDs-based PTAs were used in fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermalimaging-guided hyperpyrexia ablation of tumors.T his work could expand the application of 2D germanene to the field of photonic cancer nanomedicine.

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confidence: 99%

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2D Monoelemental Germanene Quantum Dots: Synthesis as Robust Photothermal Agents for Photonic Cancer Nanomedicine

Ouyang

Feng

et al. 2019

Angewandte Chemie

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“…[4b,c] In contrast to BP,a ntimonene,a nother Group VA monoelemental 2D material, was recently predicted through first-principle calculations to be highly stable and possess extraordinary properties. [5] However, practical application of antimonene is currently limited, [6] largely due to the lack of effective methods for preparing high-quality antimonene on al arge scale.T od ate,o nly af ew studies describe the successful production of antimonene nanosheets through epitaxial growth, exfoliation with av iscoelastic stamp, mechanical isolation, or straightforward liquid-phase exfoliation of Sb crystals. [5] However, practical application of antimonene is currently limited, [6] largely due to the lack of effective methods for preparing high-quality antimonene on al arge scale.T od ate,o nly af ew studies describe the successful production of antimonene nanosheets through epitaxial growth, exfoliation with av iscoelastic stamp, mechanical isolation, or straightforward liquid-phase exfoliation of Sb crystals.…”

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Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Few‐Layer Hexagonal Antimonene Nanosheets via Anisotropic Growth

Peng

Song

et al. 2019

Angewandte Chemie

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Antimonene,a ne merging two-dimensional material, has garnered tremendous interest due to its intriguing structure and fascinating electronic properties.H owever,t he synthesis of high-quality few-layer antimonene nanosheets, which can only be produced by exfoliation or epitaxial growth on exotic substrates,h as greatly hindered the development of this new field. Herein, few-layer hexagonal and functionalized antimonene nanosheets were successfully prepared from SbCl 3 solutions for the first time by exclusively promoting their anisotropic growth in ac olloidal solution. Oleylamine was selected as the reducing agent, rather than oleic acid, and dodecylthiol was key to preventing the formation of antimony oxide.A dditionally,h alide ions adsorbed on the surface also influenced the anisotropic growth of hexagonal antimonene nanosheets.Atomic force microscopy(AFM) revealed that the sheets were % 5nmt hick; Raman spectroscopya nd X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed ar hombohedral atomic structure (b-Sb) with excellent stability.

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“…[24] Recently,v an der Waals and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been applied for the synthesis of antimonene on different surfaces,t hereby exhibiting good stabilities and high electrical conductivities of up to 10 4 Sm À1 in about 30 nm thick flakes. [25,26] Despite synthetic efforts,t he chemistry and therefore the molecular doping of antimonene remains completely unexplored.…”

Section: Two-dimensional (2d) Materials Have Attracted Enormousmentioning

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Noncovalent Functionalization and Charge Transfer in Antimonene

et al. 2017

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Antimonene,anovel group 15 two-dimensional material, is functionalizedwith atailormade perylene bisimide through strong van der Waals interactions.T he functionalization process leads to as ignificant quenching of the perylene fluorescence,a nd surpasses that observed for either graphene or black phosphorus,thus allowing straightforwardc haracterization of the flakes by scanning Raman microscopy. Furthermore,s canning photoelectron microscopys tudies and theoretical calculations reveal ar emarkable charge-transfer behavior,being twice that of black phosphorus.Moreover,the excellent stability under environmental conditions of pristine antimonene has been tackled,t hus pointing towards the spontaneous formation of asub-nanometric oxide passivation layer.D FT calculations revealed that the noncovalent functionalization of antimonene results in ac harge-transfer band gap of 1.1 eV.Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted enormous attention during the last few years because of their outstanding properties and applications. [1][2][3] Beyond gapless graphene,o ther elemental 2D materials have been successfully synthesized, with black phosphorus (BP) being the only semiconducting material reported so far. [4][5][6][7] This result together with its excellent charge-carrier mobility and current on/off ratios renders BP ap erfect candidate for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.H owever,i ts (in)stability represents am ajor drawback for the development of the real applications. [8][9][10][11] In contrast, its relative in the periodic table, antimonene,that is,asingle layer of antimony,exhibits aband gap of about 1.8-2.4 eV and an outstanding stability under ambient conditions.A ntimonene has been recently isolated for the very first time both by mechanical exfoliation [12] and liquid-phase exfoliation [13] as reported by our groups.A number of theoretical calculations predict extraordinary physical properties like high carrier mobility, [14] thermal conductivity, [15] and strain-induced band transition, [16] among others.Therefore,a ntimonene appears to be ap romising platform for high-performance sensors, [17] double-gate MOSFETs, [18] spintronics, [19,20] optoelectronic applications, [21,22] energy storage and conversion, [23] and biomedicine.[24]Recently,v an der Waals and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been applied for the synthesis of antimonene on different surfaces,t hereby exhibiting good stabilities and high electrical conductivities of up to 10 4 Sm À1 in about 30 nm thick flakes. [25,26] Despite synthetic efforts,t he chemistry and therefore the molecular doping of antimonene remains completely unexplored. In relation to that, we have recently reported on the noncovalent functionalization of BP with electron-poor and polarizable polycyclic aromatic molecules, thus observing ar emarkable charge-transfer behavior, and improving the resistance of the flakes against oxygen degradation.[ 27,28] In this context, the present work nicely illustrates,for the first time,the noncovalent functionalization o...

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Antimonene Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Application as Near‐Infrared Photothermal Agents for Effective Cancer Therapy

Cited by 479 publications

References 38 publications

2D Monoelemental Germanene Quantum Dots: Synthesis as Robust Photothermal Agents for Photonic Cancer Nanomedicine

2D Monoelemental Germanene Quantum Dots: Synthesis as Robust Photothermal Agents for Photonic Cancer Nanomedicine

Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Few‐Layer Hexagonal Antimonene Nanosheets via Anisotropic Growth

Noncovalent Functionalization and Charge Transfer in Antimonene

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