Antiminth (Pyrantel Pamoate)

Pitts, Norman E.; Migliardi, Joseph R.

doi:10.1177/000992287401300116

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In a study of 1,506 individuals including children under 5 years of age, side effects were mild and transient and included occasional diarrhoea (4.3%), abdominal pain (4%), nausea (3.5%), vomiting (2%), and headache (3%) [42],[43]. Temporarily raised serum transaminase was detected in 2% of patients.…”

Section: Use Of Anthelminthics In Children Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Pre-School-Age Children through Preventive Chemotherapy

et al. 2008

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Pre-school age children account for 10%–20% of the 2 billion people worldwide who are infected with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs): Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), and Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus (hookworms). Through a systematic review of the published literature and using information collated at World Health Organization headquarters, this paper summarizes the available evidence to support the recommendation that pre-school children should be included in regular deworming programmes. The first section describes the burden of STH disease in this age group, followed by a summary of how infection impacts iron status, growth, vitamin A status, and cognitive development and how STHs may exacerbate other high mortality infections. The second section explores the safety of the drugs themselves, given alone or co-administered, drug efficacy, and the importance of safe administration. The third section provides country-based evidence to demonstrate improved health outcomes after STH treatment. The final section provides country experiences in scaling up coverage of pre-school children by using other large scale public health interventions, including vitamin A programmes, immunization campaigns, and Child Health days. The paper concludes with a number of open research questions and a summary of some of the operational challenges that still need to be addressed.

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Section: Use Of Anthelminthics In Children Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Pre-School-Age Children through Preventive Chemotherapy

et al. 2008

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“…This drug (10), C 34 H 30 N 2 O 6 S, cures pinworm infections and is close to 100% effective against Ascaris when given in a single dose (28,29). Pyrantel pamoate is also a principal drug for the treatment of hookworm infections; thus it is useful in patients with mixed worm infections.…”

Section: Pyrantel Pamoatementioning

confidence: 99%

Antiparasitic Agents, Anthelmintics

Becher¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Human infections caused by worms (helminths) represent one of the most important public health problems in the world. Helminths form three main categories or phyla: Platyhelminths, flatworms; Aschelminthes, roundworms; and Nemathelminthes, thorny‐headed worms. Substantial progress in the discovery and development of anthelmintic drugs has been made. Effective agents are available for most human gastrointestinal infections; however, drugs that are effective in treating the extraintestinal complications of many helminthic infections are still needed. Agents include praziquantel for the treatment of flukes, eg, C. sinensis ; tapeworms, eg, H. nana ; and larval stage (cysticercosis); oxamniquine for the treatment of flukes ( S. mansoni ); metrifonate for the treatment of blood flukes ( Schistosoma haematobium ); bithionol for the treatment of lung flukes ( Paragonimu westermani ), sheep liver flukes ( Fasciola hepatica ); tetrachloroethylene for the treatment of intestinal fluke ( Fasicolopsis buski ); niclosamide for the treatment of tapeworms ( T. saginata, T. solium , and D. latum ); quinacrine for the treatment of pork tapeworm ( Taenia solium ); piperazine citrate for the treatment of roundworms ( Ascaris lumbricoides ); diethylcarbamazine citrate for the treatment of lymphatic filariases ( Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa , and other filaria); pyrantel pamoate for the treatment of pinworms ( Enterobius vermiculus ), roundworms ( Ascaris lumbricoides ), hookworms ( Ancyclostoma duodenale, Necator americanus ); mebendazole for the treatment of (whipworms ( Trichuris trichiura ), hookworms ( Ancylostoma duodenale, Nector americanus ), filariasis ( Mansonella perstans ), roundworm ( Ascaris lumbricoides ), Trichinosis ( Trichinella spiralis ); thiabendazole for the treatment of hookworms ( Trichostrongylus sp., cutaneous larva migrans, Angiostrongylus costaricensis , and Strongyloides stercoralis ); and ivermectin for the treatment of filariasis ( Onchocerca volvulus ). Frequently, the treatment of helminthic diseases requires adjunct medication eg, antihistamines and corticosteroids. Allergic reactions are commonly seen as a result of tissue invasion by worms or as a consequence of anthelmintic therapy. Three main species of blood flukes cause schistosomiasis in humans: Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni , and S. japonicum . The effectiveness of antischistosomal drugs depends on the reduction or arrest of egg production. Infection only occurs as a result of the penetration of the intact skin by free‐swimming cercaria. After they develop to preadult forms in the skin and lung, the parasites migrate through host blood vessels to various tissues. Adult worms that are approximately 2 cm in length remain paired within the portal or intestinal vasculature of the host. The female, however, travels as far as possible toward the capillary beds to lay eggs, a portion of which embolize to the liver and induce granuloma formation. During the early stages of the disease, patients may experience fever, gastrointestinal distress, headache, and fatigue. In later stages of the disease, signs of hepatic fibrosis and ascites are seen. The number of worm pairs found in a patient may vary from a few to over 100. In untreated patients, adult worms are now generally assumed to live less than 5–10 years. Praziquantel , C 19 H 24 N 2 O 2 , can be used to treat schistosomiasis caused by any one of the three major species. Praziquantel is an acylated pyrazino–isoquinoline derivative that has replaced the traditional (and more toxic) trivalent antimonial compounds.

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Is Pinworm a Vanishing Infection?

Vermund

MacLeod²

1988

Am J Dis Child

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Antiminth (Pyrantel Pamoate)

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Controlling Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Pre-School-Age Children through Preventive Chemotherapy

Controlling Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Pre-School-Age Children through Preventive Chemotherapy

Antiparasitic Agents, Anthelmintics

Is Pinworm a Vanishing Infection?

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