Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Spanish field isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Hidalgo, Álvaro; Carvajal, Ana; García-Feliz, Carina; Osorio, Jesús; Rubio, Pedro

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.10.017

Cited by 36 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For valnemulin, the results were similar to those previously reported (Karlsson et al 1999, 2002, Rohde et al 2004, Hidalgo et al 2009, 2011, Zmudzki et al 2012, Alvarez et al 2013, Mirajkar & Gebhart 2013. The MIC50 results for tiamulin were higher than those published elsewhere, but the MIC90 was similar to the results obtained by Rohde et al (2004), Hidalgo et al (2011) and by Alvarez et al (2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Hidalgo et al (2011) identified a mutation in the 23S gene at position 2059 associated with resistance to tylvalosin. For lincomycin, the MIC50 was higher compared with that reported in the literature (Karlsson et al 1999, Karlsson et al 2002, Karlsson et al 2003, Rohde et al 2004, Hidalgo et al 2011, Zmudzki et al 2012, Mirajkar & Gebhart 2013, however, the MIC 90 was similar to those obtained by Hidalgo et al (2009) and Alvarez et al (2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…For doxycycline, the MIC50 values were comparable to those found by Zmudzki et al (2012) and Alvarez et al (2013), but the MIC90 was elevated compared with the previously described values (Karlsson et al 2002, Rohde et al 2004, Pringle et al 2007, Hidalgo et al 2009, 2011, Zmudzki et al 2012, Alvarez et al 2013, Mirajkar & Gebhart 2013. Decreased susceptibility to doxycycline has been associated with a mutation at position 1058 of the 16S rRNA gene for B. hyodysenteriae (Pringle et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Identifying the sensitivity pattern of Brazilian strains is important for establishing swine dysentery control and eradication programs, mainly due to the emergence of B. hyodysenteriae strains with reduced susceptibility to multiple antimicrobials, based on microbiological cut-off points, which was observed in both the present work and other studies in different countries (Karlsson et al 2002, Rohde et al 2004, Hidalgo et al 2009, 2011, Zmudzki et al 2012, Alvarez et al 2013, Mirajkar & Gebhart 2013. In addition, low sensitivity is relevant for resistance monitoring programmes as it is an indication of early resistance and allows the implementation of measures to prevent the emergence of strains with high resistance (Pringle et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The results for tylosin were similar to those found in the literature regarding both the MIC50 and MIC90 (Table 1). High resistance to tylosin was expected based on the selective pressure caused by the widespread use of this drug in therapeutic and prophylactic programmes in recent years (Karlsson et al 2002, Rohde et al 2004, Hidalgo et al 2009, 2011, Zmudzki et al 2012, Alvarez et al 2013, Mirajkar & Gebhart 2013. The mechanism of tylosin resistance is related to mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA gene at position 2058, inhibiting its binding (Karlsson et al 1999(Karlsson et al , 2004.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimum inhibitory concentration of Brazilian Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains

et al. 2017

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The objectives of this study were to characterize Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of strains obtained from pigs in Brazil based on the minimal inhibitory concentration test (MIC). The MIC was performed for 22 B. hyodysenteriae isolates obtained from 2011 to 2013 using the following antimicrobial drugs: tylosin, tiamulin, valnemulin, doxycycline, lincomycin and tylvalosin. Outbreaks of swine dysentery were diagnosed based on clinical presentation, bacterial isolation, gross and microscopic lesions, duplex PCR for B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli and nox gene sequencing. All obtained MIC values were consistently higher or equal to the microbiological cut-off described in the literature. The MIC 90 values for the tested drugs were 8μg/ml for doxycycline, >4μg/ml for valnemulin, 8μg/ml for tiamulin, 32μg/ml for tylvalosin, >64μg/ml for lincomycin and >128μg/ml for tylosin. These results largely corroborate those reported in the literature. Tiamulin, doxycycline and tylvalosin showed the lowest MIC results. All of the samples subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on the nox gene sequence exhibited similar results, showing 100% identity to B. hyodysenteriae. This is the first study describing the MIC pattern of B. hyodysenteriae isolated in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimum inhibitory concentration of Brazilian Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains

et al. 2017

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B rachyspira

Looft¹,

Stanton²

2018

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Bra.chy.spi'ra. (Gr. adj. brachys , short; Gr. n. spira , a coil, helix; N.L. fem. n. Brachyspira , describing a bacterium that resembles a short helix). Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Brachyspiraceae / Brachyspira The genus Brachyspira consists of obligately anaerobic, aerotolerant spirochetes, which inhabit the intestinal tracts of birds and mammals, including humans. They have been found globally in free‐living birds. The type species of the genus is Brachyspira aalborgi . There are numerous yet‐to‐be characterized brachyspire species. Brachyspires have fastidious growth requirements requiring chemically complex culture media supplemented with blood or serum. The best studied species, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, requires cholesterol and phospholipid for growth. The brachyspires are chemoorganotrophic, using various simple carbohydrates for growth. Metabolic products are acetate, butyrate, H 2 , and CO 2 . Brachyspira spp. use NADH oxidase as defense against oxygen exposure. Species are differentiated by 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome DNA homology comparisons (chemical and digital). Genome sequences of the type strains of every species except B. aalborgi are publicly available. There are nine Brachyspira species, of which eight are considered enteropathogenic for their host animal. Diseases associated with the brachyspires include swine dysentery, spirochetal colitis, and intestinal spirochetosis. Dysenteric species ( Brachyspira hyodysenteriae , Brachyspira suanatina , and Brachyspira hampsonii ) form strongly hemolytic (i.e., beta hemolytic) colonies on trypticase soy blood agar. Other species are “weakly” hemolytic. B. hyodysenteriae cells exchange chromosomal genes via VSH‐1, a novel GTA (gene transfer agent). MLST (multiple locus sequence typing) analyses have been applied to investigate B. hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli epidemiology and to interpret species evolution. A database of STs (MLST sequence types) for B. hyodysenteriae strains has been established. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 24.6–27.5 ( T m ; genome sequence). Type species : Brachyspira aalborgi Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1983, 896 VP (Effective publication: Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1982, 1135).

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