Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Francisella tularensis with a modified Mueller-Hinton broth

Baker, C N; Hollis, D G; Thornsberry, Clyde

doi:10.1128/jcm.22.2.212-215.1985

Cited by 122 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Colonies observed from primary isolation agar plates were re-plated for purity of culture under the same conditions. Once single colonies were observed and purity of the isolate determined, the isolate was re-suspended in liquid medium as reported by Baker, Hollis & Thornsberry (1985) with modifications. The liquid medium consisted of a modified Mueller-Hinton II cation adjusted broth supplemented with 2% IsoVitaleX (BD BBL) and 0.1% glucose (MMH).…”

Section: Isolation Media and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Francisella sp., an emerging pathogen of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in Costa Rica

Soto

Hawke

Fernandez

et al. 2009

Journal of Fish Diseases

143

167

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Francisella sp. is an emergent bacterial pathogen that causes acute to chronic disease in warm and cold water cultured and wild fish species. During the past 3 years, the bacterium has been detected in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, cultured in Costa Rica. Infected fish presented non-specific clinical signs, such as erratic swimming, anorexia, anaemia, exophthalmia and high mortality. Upon macroscopic and microscopic examination, several internal organs (mainly spleen and kidney) were enlarged and contained white nodules. Histological examination revealed the presence of multifocal granulomatous lesions, with the presence of numerous small, pleomorphic, cocco-bacilli. The bacteria were isolated from infected tilapia on selective media and grown on several media with and without antibiotics. Specific PCR primers to the Francisella genus were used to confirm the preliminary diagnoses. In comparison with several bacterial 16S rRNA sequences, our isolate was found to share 99% identity with other Fransicella spp. isolated from fish, and more than 97% identity to the human pathogen Francisella tularensis. Koch's postulates were fulfilled after experimental intraperitoneal and gill exposure challenges.

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Section: Isolation Media and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Francisella sp., an emerging pathogen of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in Costa Rica

Soto

Hawke

Fernandez

et al. 2009

Journal of Fish Diseases

143

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ft LVS (ATCC 29684) was grown in MH broth (Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), supplemented with 1% IsoVitaleX (Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems), 0.1% glucose, and ferric pyrophosphoric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and frozen aliquots were prepared as described [26]. MH agar was used as solid culture media [27][28][29][30]. Ft Schu S4 (Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, CO, USA) experiments were conducted in an approved Biosafety Level 3 laboratory by trained personnel at the University of Virginia (Charlottesville, VA, USA).…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of TLR signaling inFrancisella tularensis-LPS-induced, antibody-mediated protection againstFrancisella tularensischallenge

Cole

Mann

Shirey

et al. 2011

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Immunization with Ft-LPS provokes an antigen-specific, B-1a cell-derived antibody response that protects WT mice against an otherwise lethal challenge with Ft LVS. However, this same regimen offers limited protection to TLR2(-/-) mice, despite production of WT levels of anti-Ft-LPS antibodies. As Ft-LPS exhibits no TLR2 agonist activity, and macrophage-induced cytokine production in response to Ft LVS is overwhelmingly TLR2-dependent, we hypothesized that treatment of TLR2(-/-) mice with an alternative, MyD88-dependent TLR agonist would compensate for reduced recognition of Ft LVS in TLR2(-/-) mice and thereby, restore Ft-LPS-mediated protection. Administration of the nontoxic TLR4 agonist, synthetic Escherichia coli MPL, at the time of Ft-LPS immunization or Ft LVS challenge, fully protected TLR2(-/-) mice, whereas treatment of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice with MPL alone conferred partial protection. The TLR5 agonist, flagellin, also synergized with Ft-LPS to protect TLR2(-/-) mice from lethal Ft LVS challenge. In contrast to Ft LVS, Ft-LPS pretreatment failed to protect mice against i.n. challenge with Ft Schu S4, whereas MPL, administered in the absence or presence of Ft-LPS, conferred significant, albeit partial, protection. MPL treatment of macrophages increased the uptake of Ft LVS and decreased intracellular bacterial survival while shifting the macrophage-differentiation phenotype from "alternatively activated" to "classically activated". Collectively, our data suggest that optimal, Ft-LPS-mediated protection against Ft LVS infection requires two discrete events, i.e., production of Ft-LPS-specific antibody, as well as TLR-mediated macrophage activation, to fully control Francisella infection.

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“…FRANCESELLA TULARENSIS is generally susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, rifampin and chloramphenicol [128][129][130][131][132][133] ; however, many strains seem to be resistant to β-lactam and monobactam antibiotics 133 . (See TABLE 10 for recommended tularaemia treatments.)…”

Section: Existing Antimicrobial Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving field of biodefence: therapeutic developments and diagnostics

Burnett

Henchal

Schmaljohn

et al. 2005

Nat Rev Drug Discov

142

134

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Francisella tularensis with a modified Mueller-Hinton broth

Cited by 122 publications

References 20 publications

Francisella sp., an emerging pathogen of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in Costa Rica

Francisella sp., an emerging pathogen of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in Costa Rica

Role of TLR signaling inFrancisella tularensis-LPS-induced, antibody-mediated protection againstFrancisella tularensischallenge

The evolving field of biodefence: therapeutic developments and diagnostics

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