Antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid replicon typing, phylogenetic grouping, and virulence potential of avian pathogenic and faecal <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from meat chickens in Australia

Awawdeh, Leena; Turni, Conny; Mollinger, Joanne L.; Henning, Joerg; Cobbold, RN; Trott, Darren J.; Gibson, Justine S.

doi:10.1080/03079457.2022.2065969

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…ST131 has not only been reported as the major E. coli clone in the clinical setting [ 32 ] but is often also found in veterinary, food, and environmental settings [ 52 , 53 ]. While previous studies have frequently found MDR ST58 strains in farm animals and, to a lesser extent, in wild birds [ 54 , 55 ] and as contaminants of retail meat [ 21 ], ST38 has been detected in several animal species, including broilers, rats, and black-headed gulls [ 12 , 56 ], with the latter matching our results. ST744 and ST617 have also been previously detected in German birds of prey and in rooks wintering in Europe, fitting into the pattern of the locally settled wild birds [ 16 , 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Multidrug-Resistant High-Risk Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Clonal Lineages Occur in Black-Headed Gulls from Two Conservation Islands in Germany

et al. 2022

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Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales, including extended-spectrum β‑lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, not only emerge in healthcare settings but also in other habitats, such as livestock and wildlife. The spread of these pathogens, which often combine resistance with high-level virulence, is a growing problem, as infections have become increasingly difficult to treat. Here, we investigated the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in fecal samples from two black-headed gull colonies breeding on two nature conservation islands in Western Pomerania, Germany. In addition to cloacal samples from adult birds (n = 211) and their nestlings (n = 99) during the 2021 breeding season, collective fecal samples (n = 29) were obtained. All samples were screened for ESBL producers, which were then subjected to whole-genome sequencing. We found a total of 12 ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae consisting of 11 E. coli and 1 K. pneumoniae, and including the international high-risk E. coli sequence types (ST)131, ST38, and ST58. Eight of the investigated strains had a MDR genotype and carried a large repertoire of virulence-associated genes, including the pap operon, which is important for urinary tract infections. In addition, we identified many genes associated with adherence, biofilm formation, iron uptake, and toxin production. Finally, our analysis revealed the close phylogenetic relationship of ST38 strains with genomes originating from human sources, underlining their zoonotic and pathogenic character. This study highlights the importance of the One Health approach, and thus the interdependence between human and animal health and their surrounding environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Multidrug-Resistant High-Risk Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Clonal Lineages Occur in Black-Headed Gulls from Two Conservation Islands in Germany

et al. 2022

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“…In contrast, extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are mainly asymptomatic inhabitants of the intestinal tract that can cause extra-intestinal diseases after migrating to other body parts, such as the urinary tract or the bloodstream [ 139 , 140 ]. ExPEC has already been isolated from healthy production chickens in Canada, from diseased broiler chickens in Egypt, and from meat chickens in Australia [ 141 , 142 , 143 ].…”

Section: Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, fluoroquinolones are approved for use in poultry in the largest poultry-producing countries, with the exception of the US [ 23 , 195 ]. However, a study from Awawdeh et al (2022) reported fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli from meat chickens in Australia, a country that does not use fluoroquinolones in poultry, which suggests that this resistance is likely due to horizontal transmission of antibiotic-resistant genes [ 143 , 196 ]. The CTX-M-1 gene was described in commensal isolates from French layers and healthy poultry [ 188 , 197 ].…”

Section: Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study carried out by Aslantaş (2020) in Turkey detected 19 sequence types in 28 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, and the most prevalent were ST114 and ST354 [ 199 ]. In Australia, ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from healthy broilers belonged to different clonal lineages, while E. coli from chickens with colibacillosis belonged mainly to ST354 [ 143 ]. Overall, according to the studies mentioned in Table 5 , the most frequent and wide-ranging clonal lineage that was identified in both ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from broilers or broiler meat since 2020 was ST117.…”

Section: Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Resistance among Gastrointestinal Bacteria in Broilers: A Review Focused on Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli

Ribeiro

Silva

Monteiro

et al. 2023

Animals

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Chickens can acquire bacteria at different stages, and bacterial diversity can occur due to production practices, diet, and environment. The changes in consumer trends have led to increased animal production, and chicken meat is one of the most consumed meats. To ensure high levels of production, antimicrobials have been used in livestock for therapeutic purposes, disease prevention, and growth promotion, contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance across the resident microbiota. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal microbiota of chickens that can develop strains capable of causing a wide range of diseases, i.e., opportunistic pathogens. Enterococcus spp. isolated from broilers have shown resistance to at least seven classes of antibiotics, while E. coli have shown resistance to at least four. Furthermore, some clonal lineages, such as ST16, ST194, and ST195 in Enterococcus spp. and ST117 in E. coli, have been identified in humans and animals. These data suggest that consuming contaminated animal-source food, direct contact with animals, or environmental exposure can lead to the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this review focused on Enterococcus spp. and E. coli from the broiler industry to better understand how antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, which antibiotic-resistant genes are most common, what clonal lineages are shared between broilers and humans, and their impact through a One Health perspective.

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Virulence‐associated genes in faecal and clinical Escherichia coli isolates cultured from broiler chickens in Australia

Awawdeh,

Forrest,

Turni

et al. 2024

Aust Veterinary J

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A healthy chicken's intestinal flora harbours a rich reservoir of Escherichia coli as part of the commensal microbiota. However, some strains, known as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), carry specific virulence genes (VGs) that enable them to invade and cause extraintestinal infections such as avian colibacillosis. Although several VG combinations have been identified, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with APEC are ill‐defined. The current study screened a subset of 88 E. coli isolates selected from 237 pre‐existing isolates obtained from commercial poultry flocks in Australia. The 88 isolates were selected based on their enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and included 29 E. coli isolates cultured from chickens with colibacillosis (referred to as clinical E. coli or CEC) and 59 faecal E. coli (FEC) isolates cultured from clinically healthy chickens. The isolates were screened for the presence of 35 previously reported VGs. Of these, 34 were identified, with iucA not being detected. VGs focG, hlyA and sfa/foc were only detected in FEC isolates. Eight VGs had a prevalence of 90% or above in the CEC isolates. Specifically, astA (100%); feoB (96.6%); iutA, iss, ompT, iroN and hlyF (all 93.1%); and vat (89.7%). The prevalence of these were significantly lower in FEC isolates (astA 79.7%, feoB 77.9%, iutA 52.5%, iss 45.8%, ompT 50.9%, iroN 37.3%, hlyF 50.9% and vat 42.4%). The odds ratios that each of these eight VGs were more likely to be associated with CEC than FEC ranged from 7.8 to 21.9. These eight VGs may be used to better define APEC and diagnostically detect APEC in Australia. Further investigations are needed to identify the roles of these VGs in pathogenicity.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid replicon typing, phylogenetic grouping, and virulence potential of avian pathogenic and faecal Escherichia coli isolated from meat chickens in Australia

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

Multidrug-Resistant High-Risk Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Clonal Lineages Occur in Black-Headed Gulls from Two Conservation Islands in Germany

Multidrug-Resistant High-Risk Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Clonal Lineages Occur in Black-Headed Gulls from Two Conservation Islands in Germany

Antibiotic Resistance among Gastrointestinal Bacteria in Broilers: A Review Focused on Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli

Virulence‐associated genes in faecal and clinical Escherichia coli isolates cultured from broiler chickens in Australia

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