Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Selected Bacteraemic Isolates from South African Public Sector Hospitals, 2010

Bamford, Colleen; Bonorchis, Kim; Ryan, Anthea; Simpson, John; Elliott, Eugenne; Hoffmann, Rena; Naicker, Preneshni; Ismail, Nazir; Mbelle, Nontombi Marylucy; Nchabeleng, Maphoshane; Nana, Trusha; Sriruttan, Charlotte; Seetharam, Sharona; Wadula, Jeannette

doi:10.1080/10158782.2011.11441461

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Compared with a previous report that included data from GSH from 2010, [10] a lower proportion of healthcare-acquired S. aureus were susceptible to cloxacillin (52.4% v. 69%) and clindamycin (55.6% v. 71%) in the present study. The proportion of susceptible A. baumanii isolates was also lower in the present study with regard to ceftazidime (20.7% v. 49%), imipenem (18.4% v. 26%), meropenem (18.6% v. 23%) and gentamicin (39.1% v. 47%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…[9] Laboratory-based surveillance data for BSIs in South Africa (SA) are available; however, these data do not distinguish between community-and hospitalacquired infection. [10] Regular surveillance and reporting of BSIs and antibiotic susceptibility, including differentiation of community-and healthcare-acquired infections, can assist in managing infections appropriately and in adapting local antibiotic stewardship policies. typically before commencing or changing antibiotic therapy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Community- versus healthcare-acquired bloodstream infections at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

McKay

Bamford

2015

S Afr Med J

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Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) is a large tertiary academic and teaching hospital in Cape Town, SA. In this hospital, blood cultures are generally collected when a patient has clinical features of sepsis, Background. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause considerable morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of bacterial infections differs in community and hospital settings. Regular surveillance and reporting of pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility can assist in appropriate management of BSIs. Objectives. To describe the distribution of organisms and of antibiotic susceptibility among isolates from blood cultures at a tertiary academic hospital during a 1-year period, stratifying by place of infection acquisition. Methods. This was a retrospective descriptive study of bloodstream isolates from cultures from adults (>13 years of age) routinely submitted between 1 October 2011 and 30 September 2012 to the clinical laboratory at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Community-acquired infections were compared with healthcare-acquired infections, defined as infections developing at least 48 hours after admission or within 3 months of admission to a healthcare facility. Frequencies and proportions of infecting organisms are presented, along with susceptibility results for selected pathogens. The hospital-acquired isolates were stratified by ward (emergency, general medical or general surgical ward or intensive care unit (ICU)) to determine organism frequency and susceptibility patterns by hospital ward. Results. Among adults, 740 non-duplicate pathogens were isolated from BSIs. Nearly three-quarters of infections were healthcare acquired. Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were predominant among healthcare-acquired pathogens (39.2% and 28.5%, respectively), while Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-positive organisms were the most common among community-acquired pathogens (39.2% and 54.3%, respectively). The majority of community-acquired Enterobacteriaceae were highly susceptible to antibiotics (gentamicin 95.6%, ceftriaxone 96.1% and ciprofloxacin 92.2%), whereas 64.6% of healthcare-associated isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, 58.5% to ceftriaxone and 70% to ciprofloxacin. All community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus isolates v. 52.4% of healthcare-acquired isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin. The susceptibility of healthcare-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii complex isolates was <80% to all antibiotics with the exception of colistin. Klebsiella spp., S. aureus and Escherichia coli were the commonest causes of healthcareacquired infections in all areas outside of the ICUs, whereas Acinetobacter was common in the ICUs and rare in all other areas. Conclusion. The distinction between community-and healthcare-acquired infections is critical in antibiotic selection because narrowspectrum agents can be utilised for community-acquired infections. The considerable antibiotic resistance of healthcare-acquired pathogens highlights the importance of infectio...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

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confidence: 99%

Community- versus healthcare-acquired bloodstream infections at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

McKay

Bamford

2015

S Afr Med J

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“…In comparison to the report by Bamford et al, the overall resistance to various antibiotics of A. baumannii isolates from the Steve Biko Academic Hospital increased between 17% and 39% in the period 2008-2010. 25 Bamford…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of carbapenem resistance genes inAcinetobacter baumanniiisolated from clinical specimens obtained from an academic hospital in South Africa

Kock

Bellomo

Storm

et al. 2013

Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection

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Original Research: Prevalence of carbapenem resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical specimens Acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of hospital-acquired infections. The occurrence of carbapenem resistance that is caused by the carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamases and the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) limits the range of therapeutic alternatives in treating A. baumannii infections. In this study, two multiplex polymerase chain reactions were performed to screen for both carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamases and MBL genes in 97 clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Oxacillinase (OXA)-51 had a prevalence of 83% (81/97), and OXA-23 had a prevalence of 59% (57/97). One isolate was positive for an MBL [Verona integron-encoded metallo β-lactamases (VIM)]. Therefore, continuous surveillance and monitoring of A. baumannii is crucial because of the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes.Peer reviewed.

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“…MRSA was responsible for infection in 2%, 31% and up to 59% of cases in studies from 1974, 1995 and 2010, respectively. [6][7][8] In the recent RCWMCH study, 26% of SAB cases were caused by MRSA. It accounted for 72% of the nosocomial infections and 21% of the healthcare-associated infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in children: a formidable foe

Pretorius

Brennan

Thomas

2015

Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Selected Bacteraemic Isolates from South African Public Sector Hospitals, 2010

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Community- versus healthcare-acquired bloodstream infections at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Community- versus healthcare-acquired bloodstream infections at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Prevalence of carbapenem resistance genes inAcinetobacter baumanniiisolated from clinical specimens obtained from an academic hospital in South Africa

Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in children: a formidable foe

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