Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection and their sensitivity to alternative topical agents at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South-West Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundWound infection is one of the health problems that are caused and aggravated by the invasion of pathogenic organisms. Information on local pathogens and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, and topical agents like acetic acid is crucial for successful treatment of wounds.ObjectivesTo determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection and their sensitivity to alternative topical agents at Jimma University Specialized Hospital.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among patients with wound infection visiting Jimma University Specialized Hospital, from May to September 2013. Wound swab was collected using sterile cotton swabs and processed for bacterial isolation and susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and dabkin solution following standard bacteriological techniques. Biochemical tests were done to identify the species of the organisms. Sensitivity testing was done using Kirby- Baur disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration was done using tube dilution method.ResultsIn this study 145 bacterial isolates were recovered from 150 specimens showing an isolation rate of 87.3%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 47 (32.4%) followed by Escherichia coli 29 (20%), Proteus species 23 (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (14.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (8%). All isolates showed high frequency of resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline. The overall multiple drug resistance patterns were found to be 85%. Acetic acid (0.5%), Dabkin solution (1%) and 3% hydrogen peroxide were bactericidal to all isolated bacteria and lethal effect observed when applied for 10 minutes.ConclusionsOn in vitro sensitivity testing, ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline were the least effective. Gentamicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics. Acetic acid (0.5%), dabkin solution (1%) and H2O2 (3%) were bactericidal to all isolates.

Current trend of bacteriological sensitivity patterns from superficial and deep wounds in pressure ulcers

“…5 On bacteriological analysis of superficial pus culture it was found that Staphylococcus aureus 21 (42%) was the predominant species isolated followed by pseudomonas in 14 (28%) of patients. This finding is in agreement with the works of Mohammed et al, Raza MS et al and Mama et al [6][7][8] Staphylococcus was the most common isolate in superficial pus culture. The high prevalence of S. aureus infection may be because it is an endogenous source of infection.…”

“…It was also sensitive to clindamycin (82.6%), levofloxacin (69.5%) and gentamycin (60.8%). This finding is in agreement with the work of Mama et al and Raza et al 7,8 Remarkable susceptibility of gram positive bacteria to vancomycin may be due to lesser use of these antibiotics as a result of their less availability and cost.…”

“…Pseudomonas was sensitive to imipenem (75%), amikacin (71.4%) and colisitin (67.85%).This results were in agreement with the work of Raza et al, Pondei et al and Mama et al 7,8,11 E. coli was sensitive to colistin (100%), linezolid (100%), amikacin (80%) and gentamycin (80%). This result differed with the work of Mama et al who concluded that gentamycin was 51.7% sensitive.…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection and their sensitivity to antibiotic agents at super specialty hospital, Amravati city, India

“…16 A number of reports done previously on wound infection from different parts of the world indicated that S. aureus was the most frequent isolates. [17][18][19][20][21] Madsen et al, 22 Thu et al, 23 Maksimovic et al, 24 and Markovic et al, 25 reported that S. aureus were the most common pathogens associated with cases of surgical site infection in orthopedic surgery units. The study by Etok, et al, 26 66.7% gram negative and 33.3% gram positive were isolated.…”

Study of Various Organisms Associated with Surgical Site Infection and their Sensitivity Pattern

“…Mama et al 6 in 2014 found S. aureus was the predominant organism isolated 32.4%, followed by Escherichia coli (E. coli)20%, Proteus spps 16%, coagulase negative Staphylococci 14.5%, Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae) 10% and P. aeruginosa 8%.…”