Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Oral Isolates of Actinomyces spp.

Wolff, A; Rodloff, Arne C.; Vielkind, Paul; Borgmann, Toralf; Stingu, Catalina‐Suzana

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10010125

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Linezolid also displayed good coverage against Actinomyces spp., as reported by a study that analysed the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 clinical oral isolates. No to low resistance (0-2%) was observed against penicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, meropenem, clindamycin, linezolid, and tigecycline, while a high level of resistance to moxifloxacin occurred (>80%) [13]. Neuro-toxoplasmosis was also considered in the differential diagnosis, even though in our patient bradyzoites of Toxoplasma were not seen in the histological samples of brain biopsy and his serological test for IgG antibodies was negative.…”

Section: Case Discussion and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 52%

Cerebral Infectious Opportunistic Lesions in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Challenge of Diagnosis and Clinical Management

Cavazza,

Motto,

Regna-Gladin

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Central nervous system (CNS) lesions, especially invasive fungal diseases (IFDs), in immunocompromised patients pose a great challenge in diagnosis and treatment. We report the case of a 48-year-old man with acute myeloid leukaemia and probable pulmonary aspergillosis, who developed hyposthenia of the left upper limb, after achieving leukaemia remission and while on voriconazole. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed oedematous CNS lesions with a haemorrhagic component in the right hemisphere with lepto-meningitis. After 2 weeks of antibiotics and amphotericin-B, brain biopsy revealed chronic inflammation with abscess and necrosis, while cultures were negative. Clinical recovery was attained, he was discharged on isavuconazole and allogeneic transplant was postponed, introducing azacitidine as a maintenance therapy. After initial improvement, MRI worsened; brain biopsy was repeated, showing similar histology; and 16S metagenomics sequencing analysis was positive (Veilonella, Pseudomonas). Despite 1 month of meropenem, MRI did not improve. The computer tomography and PET scan excluded extra-cranial infectious–inflammatory sites, and auto-immune genesis (sarcoidosis, histiocytosis, CNS vasculitis) was deemed unlikely due to the histological findings and unilateral lesions. We hypothesised possible IFD with peri-lesion inflammation and methyl-prednisolone was successfully introduced. Steroid tapering is ongoing and isavuconazole discontinuation is planned with close follow-up. In conclusion, the management of CNS complications in immunocompromised patients needs an interdisciplinary approach.

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Section: Case Discussion and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 52%

Cerebral Infectious Opportunistic Lesions in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Challenge of Diagnosis and Clinical Management

Cavazza,

Motto,

Regna-Gladin

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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“…It was concluded that actinomycosis infections are easy to manage using a first-line treatment powered by penicillin and amoxicillin [46]. Additional data confirmed the effectiveness of penicillin [47]. In cases of bacteremia, subjects were treated by β-lactam antibiotics or cephalosporins in periods of 3 days to 6 months [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The efficacy of anti-microbial agents against Actinomyces species isolated from patients with dental caries

Abd Alsatar Shwailiya,

Mahdi,

Mohammed

2024

jos

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Introduction: Destruction of teeth is a serious problem in oral and general health of the human being, and dental caries is one of the major defects of dental hard tissue. Objectives: The objective of this research was to isolate Actinomyces species from dental caries using polymerase chain reaction technology, and to examine the in vitro antibiotic resistance of isolates using a specific 16S rRNA primer to investigate the effect of several anti-bacterial agents, such as amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, vancomycin, and erythromycin against Actinomyces species. Material and methods: Eighty samples from dental carious lesions were collected and tested for the current study between March and June, 2021. GP-ID cards with 64 biochemical tests were utilized in the automated Vitek-2 Compact system to confirm bacterium isolates. The basis of polymerase chain reaction technology was DNA polymerase's capacity to manufacture a new DNA strand. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was applied to examine the in vitro antibiotic resistance of isolates taken from dental caries using a specific 16S rRNA. Results: Actinomyces meyeri and A. viscosus were detected with 16S rRNA genes using PCR technique. All 18 (100%) A. meyeri identified by Vitek-2 system provided positive results for specific 16S rRNA gene at 519 bp, and all 19 (100%) A. viscosus identified by Vitek-2 system provided positive results for specific 16S rRNA gene at 787 bp. The use of selective antibiotic tests, such as amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, vancomycin, and erythromycin demonstrated the impact of antibiotics against A. meyeri and A. viscosus isolates. Conclusions:The detection of Actinomyces spp. with the use of PCR analysis appears to be extreme accurate. Amoxicillin should be considered as the first choice antibiotic for Actinomyces spp.

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“…respond very well to penicillin, and the risk of penicillin resistance is very minimal. [ 10 ] Therefore, considering the nonacid-fast nature of the microorganism, our patient was diagnosed as primary cutaneous actinomycosis and started on penicillin. The excellent response to penicillin supports our diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Cutaneous Actinomycosis Mimicking Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Kamath,

Kura,

Basumatary

2023

Indian Dermatology Online Journal

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Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection commonly seen in the tropics, caused by gram-positive, anaerobic bacilli of the genus Actinomyces. There are very few reported cases of primary cutaneous actinomycosis. It can mimic mycetoma, tuberculosis, nocardiosis, and botryomycosis. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis in the absence of sinuses. Even with repeated attempts, cultures are mostly negative; and hence, histology reveals the diagnosis in most cases. Here, we report an unusual case of primary cutaneous actinomycosis in a 21-year-old female patient, following a road traffic accident (RTA). A positive Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon and special stains demonstrated the ray fungus and helped us reach the diagnosis. The patient was started on oral penicillin G and showed good response.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Oral Isolates of Actinomyces spp.

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Cerebral Infectious Opportunistic Lesions in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Challenge of Diagnosis and Clinical Management

Cerebral Infectious Opportunistic Lesions in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Challenge of Diagnosis and Clinical Management

The efficacy of anti-microbial agents against Actinomyces species isolated from patients with dental caries

Primary Cutaneous Actinomycosis Mimicking Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

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