Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter sp strains isolated from calves with and without diarrhea in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Abstract

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 25 Campylobacter sp strains isolated from calves with and without diarrhea -7 C. coli, 16 C. fetus and 2 C. jejuni -was studied by the disk diffusion method. Eleven antimicrobial agents were tested amikacin, ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, penicillin G, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. All Campylobacter sp strains were susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, neomycin and nitrofurantoin. Three strains were moderately susceptible to kanamycin (2 C. coli and 1 C. fetus). All the strains were resistant to penicillin G. Two C. fetus strains were moderately susceptible to sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim and 1 C. coli, 9 C. fetus and 2 C. jejuni strains were resistant. Two C. fetus strains were moderately susceptible to tetracycline and 3 C. coli, 2 C. fetus and 1 C. jejuni strains were resistant. Eleven strains showed multidrug resistance (2 C. coli, 8 C. fetus and 1 C. jejuni). There was no correlation between resistance of Campylobacter sp strains to antimicrobials and the occurrence of diarrhea in calves. The frequency of resistance and, most importantly, multi drug resistance found among Campylobacter sp strains isolated from calves in Minas Gerais, Brazil, were high and the patterns of resistance observed are related to the antimicrobials agents most largely used in cattle in Brazil.

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Campylobacter spp. isolated from different animal species in Minas Gerais

“…The tested C. fetus strains showed cefoperazone-tetracycline as the most common multidrug-resistance profile, taking into account that this species is naturally resistant to nalidixic acid. The present results were different from those observed by Miranda and Lage (2007) and Vargas et al (2005) for Brazilian C. fetus isolates, which exhibited a low prevalence of multidrug resistant strains, with absence or low observation of resistance to tetracycline. These differences could be explained, considering that the multiple drug resistance observed was higher in C. fetus isolates from feces (57.14%) than from genital tract (28.57%), and that all C. fetus strains tested by Vargas et al were from genital origin.…”

“…C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from animals, mainly poultry, were broadly reported to be resistant to ampicillin (GALLAY et al, 2007;LEHTOPOLKU et al, 2010;ADZITEY et al, 2012;CHOKBOONMONGKOL et al, 2013;GIACOMELLI et al, 2014). Nevertheless, resistance to ampicillin among C. fetus strains has not been described, even for C. fetus isolated in the same region as the strains tested in the present study (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) (TREMBLAY et al, 2003;VARGAS et al, 2005;GALLAY et al, 2007;MIRANDA;LAGE, 2007). These differences are probably due to differences in the methodology used or in the origin of the strains, since a low-level agreement was observed for ampicillin in the comparison of agar dilution and agar disk diffusion methods (LUANGTONGKUM et al, 2007).…”

“…strains was resistant to gentamycin and only one C. coli was resistant to kanamycin (Figure 1). Susceptibility to gentamycin has been frequently described (LUANGTONGKUM et al, 2007;MIRANDA;LAGE, 2007;LEHTOPOLKU et al, 2010;ADZITEY et al, 2012;CHOKBOONMONGKOL et al, 2013;DI GIANNATALE et al, 2014;GIACOMELLI et al, 2014), being an important result, since gentamycin is commonly used in adherence and invasion assay (KONKEL;JOENS, 1989). Interestingly, the kanamycin susceptibility pattern observed in this study was also demonstrated to Campylobacter spp.…”

“…Interestingly, the kanamycin susceptibility pattern observed in this study was also demonstrated to Campylobacter spp. strains also isolated in animals from Minas Gerais State, Brazil (MIRANDA;LAGE, 2007). Kanamycin is not an antibiotic usually included in susceptibility tests, but, differently from the observed to Campylobacter spp.…”

“…isolates, from both humans and animals, to different classes of antimicrobial agents such as quinolones, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, and sulfonamides has been widely reported ( VAN DEN BOGAARD;STOBBERINGH, 2000;CHUMA et al, 2001;AVRAIN et al, 2003;TREMBLAY et al, 2003;MIRANDA;LAGE, 2007;ABAY et al, 2014;DI GIANNATALE et al, 2014). Nonetheless, mainly the resistance to quinolones and macrolides has been considered an emerging public health hazard, due to its fast increase in the last decades (GIBREEL; TAYLOR, 2006;FITZGERALD et al, 2008;GARCIA-MIGURA et al, 2014).…”