Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Isolated from Pigs in Korea Using New Standardized Procedures.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The in vitro susceptibilities of 76 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae collected from pigs with pleuropneumonia were tested with 12 commonly used antimicrobial drugs by an agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentration procedure according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. Field isolates had low MICs for ceftiofur, danofloxacin and penicillin. No correlation of antimicrobial resistance was related to serotype.KEY WORDS: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, antimicrobial susceptibility, NCCLS, swine.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(3): 341-342, 2001 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of pleuropneumonia which is one of the most important respiratory diseases in pigs worldwide. To date, at least twelve A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes (1 to 12) have been described with serotypes 1 and 5 being further subdivided into subtypes A and B [3,7]. Current bacterins provide only serotype specific protection. Differences in antimicrobial susceptibility of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from country to country were detected for antimicrobial agents when comparing minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from one country with those from another [1, 2, 5, 10, 11]. For pleuropneumonia treatment to be effective, it is important to know the antimicrobial susceptibility of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates that are isolated in each country. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of A. pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in Korea using new standardized procedures for the antimicrobial susceptibility test for animal pathogens issued by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) [6].Between 1995 and 1998, 76 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae were isolated from 115 growing and finishing pigs with pleuropneumonia submitted from across Korea to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University. All pigs were submitted alive, and immediately upon receipt they were euthanatized for necropsy. The lung specimens were collected immediately for bacteriological culture on 5% sheep blood agar.The identification of isolates as A. pleuropneumoniae was based on Gram-staining, positive hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar, a positive Christie-Atkins-MunchPetersen (CAMP) reaction, a requirement and detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, urease production, and xylose-and mannose-fermentation. The CAMP reaction was determined on 5% sheep blood agar, with a beta-hemolysis-producing Staphylococcus intermedius strain. Five isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae were isolated in 1995; 15 were isolated in 1996; 26 were isolated in 1997; and 30 were isolated in 1998. The serotypes of the 76 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae tested in this study have been published: 46 were serotype 2, 20 were serotype 5, and 10 were serotype 6 [4].The following antimicrobial agents and combinations of antimicrobial agents were tested: ampicillin, amoxicillin, danofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (19:1), tiamulin, tylosin, tetracycline, pen...

Serotypes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Actionbacillus pleuropneumoniae Isolated from Slaughter Pigs in Taiwan (2002-2007)

“…These experimental results are similar with those in a previous study [5]. Notably, the MIC 90 values of ceftiofur and cephalothin were 8.8 and 15.3 µg/ml, respectively, markedly higher than those in other studies from Taiwan (0.03 µg/ml for ceftiofur and 1 µg/ml for cephalothin), Spain (2 µg/ml for cephalothin), and Korea (1 µg/ml for ceftiofur) [4,8,11]. Although these agents are recommended for treatment and control of hemorrhagic pleuropnemonia in the field, their efficacy against A. pleuropneumoniae must be determined periodically.…”

“…Serovars 1 and 2 are common in Japan [1]. Serovar 2 is predominant in Korea [11], in Spain, serovars 2 and 4 are predominant [8]. Based on our study results, serovar 1 is predominant in Taiwan, followed by serovar 2; serovar 5 was seldom isolated.…”

“…The distributions of serovars differ among countries [1,8,11]. Serovars 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 of A. pleuropneumoniae have been isolated and confirmed in Taiwan [3,6,9,10]; serovar 1 was the predominate isolate [5].…”

Molecular serotyping and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeisolated from pigs in South Korea

“…Serotypes 1 and 5 are common in North and South America, and serotype 2 is common in Europe (Boss e et al 2014), whereas these serotypes are absent or rare in the United Kingdom (O'Neill et al 2010). In South Korea, A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was the most common between 1995 and 1998, while serotypes 2 and 5 have dominated since the year 2000, with an increase in the incidence of serotype 1 (Kim et al 2001;Yoo et al 2014). Lee et al (2015) reported that A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 were the most common between 2012 and 2013; similarly, we found that A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 were dominant in South Korean pigs between 2010 and 2013.…”

Efficacy Evaluation of Combination Vaccine of Recombinant C-Terminal Fragments of ApxIA, ApxIIA and ApxIIIA in Piglets

“…ApxIIIA has no hemolytic activity but shows strong cytotoxic activity towards alveolar macrophages and neutrophils (Cruijsen et al 1992;Rycroft et al 1991). In South Korea, serotypes 1, 2 and 5 have been known to dominate since 2000 (Kim et al 2001;Lee et al 2015;Yoo et al 2014 Each of the C-terminal fragment gene of ApxIA, ApxIIA and ApxIIIA were amplified from APP genomic DNA using the specific primers ( Table 2). The PCR fragments of each gene were digested with restriction enzymes and were subsequently cloned into pET21a.…”