Antimicrobial Susceptibility of 1,422 Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Respiratory Tract Infections in Spain. Results of a 1-Year (1996-97) Multicenter Surveillance Study

Abstract

A Haemophilus influenzae multicenter antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance was carried out. An overall beta-lactamase production rate of 25.7% was found, with significant differences between hospitals ranging between 7.9 and 47.9%. Presumable intrinsic resistance was found in 4.6% of strains. No differences in susceptibility were observed between beta-lactamase positive and beta-lactamase negative strains for all antibiotics, except for penicillin, amoxicillin and cefaclor. A higher prevalence of resistance was found for clarithromycin vs azithromycin (22.6 vs 0.7%). Differences in all these factors make surveillance essential as a guideline for empiric treatment in community-acquired respiratory tract infections.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from adult patients with respiratory tract infections in four southern European countries

“…All other antibiotics tested were very active in vitro against isolates of H. influenzae (levofloxacin, cefditoren, cefotaxime, and cefpodoxime) with a few organisms being non-susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime and clarithromycin. The rate of clarithromycin-resistance found in this study is rather low but in one study carried out in Spain, up to 22.6% of H. influenzae isolates were resistant to this antibiotic [3]. Resistance or diminished susceptibility to such drugs has also been previously reported [3,5,6,10].…”

“…New antibiotics should also be tested because the resistance problem is reducing treatment options. As increased rates of antibiotic resistant isolates have been described in countries from the south of Europe [1][2][3][4][5][6], we developed the Antibiotic Resistant Isolates in Southern European countries (ARISE) project as a point prevalence study that looked at isolates collected over a relatively narrow period of time. At the same time cefditoren, a new cephem antibiotic [7,8] was studied and this paper shows the results obtained with H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and M. catarrhalis.…”

Laboratory Detection of Haemophilus influenzae with Decreased Susceptibility to Nalidixic Acid, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin Due to gyrA and parC Mutations

“…The patient had previously been treated with moxifloxacin for 5 days. Most general surveillance studies have shown that the rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones in H. influenzae is low (15). However, this resistance rate could be higher among isolates recovered from patients with chronic respiratory infections, as the clinical management of these patients often includes repetitive treatments with oral quinolones (7,17) and quinolone resistance could be induced as a consequence of this strong antibiotic pressure.…”

“…Although fluoroquinolones remain among the antimicrobial agents that are the most powerful against H. influenzae in vitro and are also highly effective as oral treatments for respiratory tract infections (15), resistance has been recognized (1,7,16,25). The emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin and other quinolones appears to be a growing problem worldwide for clinical and public health.…”

Ampicillin-Resistant Non-β-Lactamase-Producing Haemophilus influenzae in Spain: Recent Emergence of Clonal Isolates with Increased Resistance to Cefotaxime and Cefixime

“…Three multicenter studies (the Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Used in the Community in Spain [SAUCE] studies) have been carried out to evaluate the antibiotic resistance rates among respiratory pathogens, including H. influenzae (13,23,31). One of the most remarkable findings was the increasing prevalence of isolates belonging to the BLNAR phenotype.…”