Antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of resistance & enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes genes inStaphylococcus aureusfrom food

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles and staphylococcal enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes genes (se/sel) of Staphylococcus aureus from food. About 93 S. aureus strains were screened and 43 strains harbored se/sel genes, which were from raw meat, pickles, cooked meat, egg products, bean products, aquatic products, grains and fresh vegetables, respectively. Among the 21 se/sel genes, selx gene was found in 30/93 (32.26%) strains, followed by seb, ser, sea, sec, selp, sell and set. About 50/93 strains carried 10 antibiotic resistance genes. The prevalence rate of norA, chlA and grlA genes was relatively high, followed by ermC, tetA, aac6ʹ/ aph2", ermB, tetM, msrA and blaZ. Sixty-two strains of the 93 S. aureus isolates (62/93, 66.67%) were multidrug-resistant (≥3 antimicrobial agents). Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus aislada de alimentos, presencia de genes de resistencia, de genes de enterotoxinas y de genes parecidos a enterotoxinas RESUMEN El presente estudio se orientó a investigar los perfiles de resistencia a los antibióticos y los genes de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas y de aquellos parecidos a enterotoxinas (se/sel) de S. aureus aislada de alimentos. Con este objetivo se cribaron 93 cepas de S. aureus, 43 de las cuales albergaban genes se/ sel, procedentes de carne cruda, pepinillos, carne cocida, productos de huevo, productos de frijol, productos acuáticos, granos y verduras frescas. En 30 de las 93 cepas (32,26%) se encontró el gen selx entre los 21 genes se/sel y, en orden descendente, los genes seb, ser, sea, sec, selp, sell y set. Asimismo, se constató que 50 de las 93 cepas albergaban 10 genes de resistencia a los antibióticos. La tasa de prevalencia de los genes norA, chlA y grlA fue relativamente elevada siguiéndole, en orden descendente, las de los genes ermC, tetA, aac6ʹ/aph2", ermB, tetM, msrA y blaZ. De las 93 cepas de S. aureus aisladas (62/93, 66,67%) 62 son resistentes a diversos medicamentos (≥tres agentes antimicrobianos).

Nasal colonisation, antimicrobial susceptibility and genotypic pattern of Staphylococcus aureus among agricultural biotechnology students in Besut, Terengganu, east coast of Malaysia

“…The presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in the S. aureus isolates was determined by PCR. The following genes conferring resistance to the respective antibiotics were screened: bla Z (penicillin); mup A, ile S (mupirocin); aac (6′)‐ aph (2″) (gentamycin); erm A, erm B, erm C, msr A (erythromycin); van A, van B (vancomycin); cfr (linezolid); tet A, tet B (tetracycline); and fus B, fus C, fus D (fusidic acid) . PCR was also performed to detect 17 different virulence genes for adhesins ( efb, hla, hld, hlg, ica and sas X), cytotoxin ( pvl ), enterotoxins ( sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, sei and sej ), and exfoliative toxins ( eta , etb and etd ) .…”

Characterization of resistance to selected antibiotics and Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus in a healthy student population at a Malaysian University

“…The following genes conferring resistance to the respective antibiotics were screened: blaZ (penicillin), mupA, ileS (mupirocin), aac(6')-aph(2") (gentamicin), ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA (erythromycin), vanA, vanB (vancomycin), cfr (linezolid), tetA, tetB (tetracycline), and fusB, fusC, fusD (fusidic acid). 16,17 Additionally PCR was also performed to detect 17 different virulence genes for enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, sei, sej), exfoliative-toxins (eta, etb, etd), cytotoxin (lukS/lukF), and adhesins (hla, hlg, ica, efb, sasX). 6,16,18 Amplification products were separated by electrophoresis in a 1.5% (w/v) agarose gel (Promega, USA) in a 1X tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) running buffer (Bioline, London, UK).…”

Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Amaranthus tricolor Crude Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Potential Application in Cooked Meat

“…Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes family, and is one of the most frequent foodborne pathogenic bacteria [1,2]. It is also one of the most significant zoonotic pathogens and has recently presented a resistance tendency in nosocomial infections [2].…”

“…Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes family, and is one of the most frequent foodborne pathogenic bacteria [1,2]. It is also one of the most significant zoonotic pathogens and has recently presented a resistance tendency in nosocomial infections [2]. It can survive in a wide range of environments, such as temperatures from 7 to 48.5 • C, pHs between 4.0 and 10.0, and high salt concentration as well as stressful environments, and is easily spread through the air or causes contamination via contact [3,4].…”

“…For example, the European Union reported that 35 outbreaks led to 777 cases, and an estimated 241,000 illnesses strike Americans every year [3,4]. Consumers may be exposed to the risk of S. aureus contamination from the processing or manufacturing of cooked meat, dairy, eggs, beans, aquatic products, fresh vegetables, and ready-to-eat foods [2,4,5]. Therefore, some measures (e.g., synthetic preservatives) were taken to control S. aureus contamination to ensure food safety, but it is still a problem worthy of attention in the food industry.…”