Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans Isolated from Dogs with Pyoderma in Japan

Abstract

ABSTRACT. To understand species distribution, trends of antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of methicillin resistance in canine staphylococci in Japan, 190 coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) were isolated from dogs with pyoderma in 2 Japanese veterinary referral hospitals. Using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) method, two CoPS species were identified: 170 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (89.5%) and 20 S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans isolates (10.5%). In these isolates, susceptibility to 7 antimicrobial agents was determined. Overall, the levels of susceptibility to cefalexin (CEX), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (CVA/AMPC), minocycline (MINO), ofloxacin (OFLX), norfloxacin (NFLX), lincomycin (LCM) and clindamycin (CLDM) in S. pseudintermedius isolates were 38.2, 52.4, 34.7, 31.2, 34.1, 1.2 and 11.2%, respectively. In S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans isolates, 55% demonstrated susceptibility to CEX, 80% to CVA/AMPC, 70% to MINO, 45% to OFLX or NFLX and 30% to CLDM. None of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans isolates was susceptible to LCM. To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains, we used a PCR method, which enabled detection of the fragment of mecA gene in 66.5% (113 of 170) in S. pseudintermedius and 30.0% (6 of 20) in S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans isolates. The frequencies of susceptibility to CEX, CVA/AMPC, OFLX, NFLX and CLDM were significantly lower in methicillin-resistant CoPS than in methicillin-susceptible CoPS isolates. These data suggest a high level of methicillin resistance in staphylococci isolated from dogs with pyoderma in Japan.

Description of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from canine pyoderma in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

“…The frequency of MRSP detected in the present study (94.3%) was much higher than those observed in similar studies (Medleau et al, 1986;Kania et al, 2004;Sasaki et al, 2007;Griffeth et al, 2008;Kawakami et al, 2010), which leads to an important concern in Veterinary Medicine in Brazil. Kawakami, et al (2010) also found a high percentage of MRSP isolates (66.5%) derived from dogs with pyoderma through the investigation of the mecA gene.…”

“…Kawakami, et al (2010) also found a high percentage of MRSP isolates (66.5%) derived from dogs with pyoderma through the investigation of the mecA gene. Other studies evaluated isolates from healthy skin revealing smaller percentages (Hartmann et al, 2005;Fazakerley et al, 2010;Onuma et al, 2012), which may explain the differences in our results that evaluated isolates from clinical lesions (Table 1).…”

“…The Staphylococcus genus is characterized by its easy development of antimicrobial resistance (Guardabassi et al, 2004;Weese and van Duijkeren, 2010 Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) are of great concern in veterinary medicine and public health (Weese and van Duijkeren, 2010). In dogs with pyoderma, the occurrence of MRSP may vary between 0 and 66% (Medleau et al, 1986;Kania et al, 2004;Sasaki et al, 2007;Griffeth et al, 2008;Kawakami et al, 2010).…”

Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Shelter Dogs in Turkey

“…In Japan, 27 MRSP characterized by the growth on chromID MRSA agar and confirmed by the presence of mecA gene, in 200 cats and dogs, most of which were isolated from dogs (n: 25) [26] . Another study from Japan revealed 66.5% (113/170) as the prevalence of MRSP isolated from dogs based on the detection of mecA gene [27] . The prevalence of MRSP in Europe seems to be low as reported in Spain 4.6% (9/196) [6] , in Germany 7.4% (60/814) [7] and in Italy 2% (10/590) [8] .…”

Concentrations of clindamycin hydrochloride in homogenates of normal dog skin when administered at two oral dosage regimens

“…Superficial and deep bacterial pyoderma is one of the most common canine skin diseases caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and less frequently by S. aureus and S. schleiferi (Bannoehr et al 2007;Sasaki et al 2007;Fitzgerald 2009;Kawakami et al 2010;Noli & Morris 2012), organisms that can also colonize in-contact humans, such as dog owners and veterinary personnel (Morris et al 2010;Weese & van Duijkeren 2010). The recent emergence of methicillin-resistant and multi-drug resistant S. pseudintermedius has reinforced the idea of preferring macrolides, lincosamides or potentiated sulfonamides instead of potentiated penicillins, cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones due to the lower potential of the former to induce bacterial resistance (Weese & van Duijkeren 2010;Cain et al 2011;Bond & Loeffler 2012).…”