Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gardnerella vaginalis

Kharsany, Ayesha B. M.; Hoosen, Anwar A.; Ende, Jan van den

doi:10.1128/aac.37.12.2733

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Metronidazole was partially active against G. vaginalis (MICs, Ͻ0.125 to 256 g/ml) and A. vaginae (MICs, 8 to 256 g/ml). These results are also in accordance with previously published data (5,12,15). Nifuratel was more active on G. vaginalis and A. vaginae than metronidazole, with MICs ranging from Ͻ0.125 to 4 g/ml and from Ͻ0.125 to 1 g/ml, respectively.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Our results (Table 1) show that clindamycin is highly active against both G. vaginalis (MIC for 90% of the strains tested [MIC 90 ], 0.25 g/ml) and A. vaginae (MIC 90 , Ͻ0.125 g/ml), in accordance with previous studies on G. vaginalis (12,15) and A. vaginae (5). Metronidazole was partially active against G. vaginalis (MICs, Ͻ0.125 to 256 g/ml) and A. vaginae (MICs, 8 to 256 g/ml).…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

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In Vitro Activity of Nifuratel on Vaginal Bacteria: Could It Be a Good Candidate for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis?

Togni

Battini²,

Bulgheroni

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a shift of the physiological flora to a diverse spectrum of bacteria, where Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae are the most important markers. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of nifuratel against G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, and lactobacilli was compared with that of the two currently used antibiotics metronidazole and clindamycin. Results suggest that nifuratel has a better spectrum of activity, being highly active against G. vaginalis and A. vaginae without affecting lactobacilli.The microbial flora of the vagina contains high concentrations of a composite population of bacteria (11,21). It is dominated mainly by lactobacilli that maintain an acidic pH by H 2 O 2 and lactic acid production (14). Alterations in this ecosystem can lead to bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Candida vaginitis, which account for 90% of vaginal infections (10).BV is a polymicrobial syndrome characterized by alteration of the vaginal flora, where the normally occurring Lactobacillus species are overgrown by endogenous bacteria (24). In particular, high concentrations of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae have been shown to be important microbiological markers (1,18,27). The association between the presence of A. vaginae and BV has been highlighted only recently (8), thanks to its detection by molecular techniques. Although its exact role is not yet fully understood, the association between A. vaginae and BV is well established (1,17,18,27), as is its involvement, together with G. vaginalis, in the biofilm present on the vaginal epithelium during BV (25).The therapies of choice for BV are systemic or topical metronidazole and clindamycin. Previous studies reported cure rates of 70 to 96% for both antibiotics, with recurrence rates of 49 to 66%, following 7 days of therapy (2, 13, 16).Inadequate diagnosis (23), pharmacologic resistance (20), and persistence of an adherent bacterial biofilm after treatment (26) seem to be the main reasons for failures of BV treatment and eradication, as well as the presence of a complex microbial population with putative resistance to antimicrobials.Nifuratel is a nitrofuran derivative with strong activity against Trichomonas vaginalis (4, 7) and a broad spectrum of antibacterial action (7,19,22). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of nifuratel in the treatment of BV and compare it with metronidazole and clindamycin against G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, and lactobacilli.The bacterial strains tested were both clinical isolates and reference strains. Clinical isolates from vaginal swabs (provided by Maditest, Vevey, Switzerland) were grown and identified following standard protocols. In addition, Lactobacillus strains were identified by DNA amplification and sequencing Stock solutions of nifuratel (Polichem, Lugano-Pazzallo, Switzerland) and metronidazole (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; SigmaAldrich) to a concentration of 51.2 mg/ml. Clindamycin (SigmaAldrich) was dissolved in water t...

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supporting

confidence: 82%

supporting

confidence: 80%

In Vitro Activity of Nifuratel on Vaginal Bacteria: Could It Be a Good Candidate for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis?

Togni

Battini²,

Bulgheroni

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…This is probably due to the inactivation of ampicillin by beta-lactamases produced by other vaginal anaerobes and not specifically by G. vaginalis [25,26]. A high rate of ampicillin resistance and intermediate resistance was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Antimicrobial susceptibility and vaginolysin in Gardnerella vaginalis from healthy and bacterial vaginosis diagnosed women

Souza¹,

Diniz²,

Filho³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a syndrome related to Gardnerella vaginalis and is characterized by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota. This work focused on the evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the occurrence of the vaginolysin (vly) gene in G. vaginalis isolated from BV and non-BV patients. Methodology: The vaginal secretions were collected randomly and processed for G. vaginalis isolation. The isolates were presumptively identified by β-hemolysis and oxidase and catalase tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm bacterial identity and to detect the vly gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Results: Of 89 patients, G. vaginalis was isolated from 42 (37 BV and 5 non-BV), and 204 isolates were selected (179 from BV and 25 non-BV). The vly gene was detected in all G. vaginalis isolated from non-BV women and in 98.3% of the bacteria from BV patients. High resistance was observed for ampicillin (54.4%), metronidazole (59.8%), tinidazole (60.3%) and secnidazole (71.6%). Conclusions: Further studies are needed to better address the role of G. vaginalis and the vly gene in BV pathogenesis.

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“…Clindamycin has activity against these organisms, while metronidazole generally does not. A possible explanation for metronidazole having activity against these organisms is that previous studies have reported the hydroxymetabolite of metronidazole, a compound formed when metronidazole is metabolized by the liver or from the breakdown of metronidazole by anaerobic bacteria during its action, has antimicrobial activity and may have activity against G. vaginalis (13,14,26,28). A previous study has suggested that eradication of nitroimidazole-susceptible anaerobic organisms may lead to a decreased colonization by nonsusceptible organisms like G. vaginalis and M. hominis (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiologic Response to Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis with Topical Clindamycin or Metronidazole

et al. 2005

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To compare the frequencies, concentrations, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of vaginal microbes isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) before and after therapy, 119 nonpregnant women aged 18 to 45 with clinical and Gram stain evidence of BV were randomized to receive intravaginal clindamycin or metronidazole. Vaginal swabs were collected at baseline and 7 to 12 days, 35 to 45 days, and 70 to 90 days following therapy for quantitative vaginal culture. For the 99 women completing all four visits, statistical analyses were performed comparing differences in vaginal microflora between the two treatment arms and between visits in the same treatment group. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the agar dilution method was performed for anaerobic gram-negative rods. Although both therapies resulted in decreased colonization by Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis, only metronidazole treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency and concentration of Prevotella bivia and black-pigmented Prevotella species. Of the 865 anaerobic gram-negative rods evaluated for susceptibility, only 3 (0.3%) were resistant to metronidazole, whereas clindamycin resistance increased significantly for P. bivia and black-pigmented anaerobic gram-negative rods persisting following clindamycin therapy. Clindamycin-resistant subpopulations of P. bivia and black-pigmented Prevotella species emerged 7 to 12 days after therapy even among women colonized initially by clindamycin-susceptible strains. These resistant subpopulations persisted at high frequencies (42 to 50%) 70 to 90 days following therapy. The two topical agents for treatment of BV have differing microbiologic effects on the vaginal microflora. The emergence of clindamycin-resistant anaerobic gram-negative rods following therapy is of concern.

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Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gardnerella vaginalis

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

In Vitro Activity of Nifuratel on Vaginal Bacteria: Could It Be a Good Candidate for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis?

In Vitro Activity of Nifuratel on Vaginal Bacteria: Could It Be a Good Candidate for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis?

Antimicrobial susceptibility and vaginolysin in Gardnerella vaginalis from healthy and bacterial vaginosis diagnosed women

Microbiologic Response to Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis with Topical Clindamycin or Metronidazole

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