Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Western Saudi Arabia

Arafa, Sara; Alshehri, Wafa A.; Organji, Sameer R.; Elbanna, Khaled; Obaid, Najla A.; Aldosari, Mohammad S.; Asiri, Fatimah H.; Ahmad, Iqbal; Abulreesh, Hussein H.

doi:10.33073/pjm-2022-029

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Gatya et al ( 2022) reported around 100% MDR strains among outpatients in their study [26]. High rates of resistance to various antibiotics among UPEC have been reported in many previous studies [27,28]. Such a high resistance can be explained due to the fact that E. coli has developed resistance to almost every class of antimicrobials introduced to treat human and animal infections [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Association of Virulence Markers With Resistance to Oral Antibiotics in Escherichia coli Isolates Causing Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Cystitis

Radera¹,

Agarwal²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains equipped with putative virulence factors (VFs) are known to cause approximatel y 90% of lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) or cystitis affecting individuals of all age groups. Only limited laboratory-based data on the correlation of antimicrobial resistant patterns and VFs of UPEC are available. Materials and methods: A total of 100 non-duplicate E. coli isolates associated with community-acquired UTIs in sexually active women were analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and putative virulence-associated genes . Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and results were interpreted as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The isolates non-susceptible to ≥1 agent in ≥3 different antimicrobial categories were considered multidrug-resistant (MDR). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was performed on each E. coli isolate to characterize putative virulence genes (VGs) such as papA , malX, PAI , ibeA , fimH , fyuA , sfa/focDE , papGIII , iutA , papGI , kpsMTII , hlyA , papGII , traT , afa/draBC , cnf1, vat , and yfcV. Results: Capsule synthesis gene kpsMTII (59%)was the most predominant VG present, followed by serum resistance-associated transfer protein gene traT (58%) and adhesin gene fimH (57%); however, adhesin gene papGI (2%) was the least present. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was relatively high for commonly used oral antimicrobials of UTI treatment, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (68%) and fluoroquinolones (63%). The majority of isolates were MDR (78%) and resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (63.5%). Isolates resistant to norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were also resistant to almost all available oral antimicrobials. Isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins showed increased resistance to aztreonam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.6% each) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin; 81.5% each). Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin were the most sensitive antimicrobials for all these resistant isolates. In a multivariate analysis, it was found that MDR isolates were associated with many of the VGs; fimH (65.4%) being the most frequent followed by traT (64.1%). traT (66.2%) and iutA (60.3...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Association of Virulence Markers With Resistance to Oral Antibiotics in Escherichia coli Isolates Causing Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Cystitis

Radera¹,

Agarwal²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…A modified 96-well microtiter plate method was followed to assess the biofilm formation capability of Acinetobacter spp. 23,24 Briefly, overnight nutrient broth (HiMedia) cultures were diluted in a fresh medium (10 8 CFU, equal inoculum level with 0.5 McFarland standard).…”

Section: Biofilm-forming Capability Of Acinetobacter Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were calculated and categorized as strong (S), moderate (M), and weak (W) according to the formula mentioned in Table 1. 23,24 Molecular detection of virulence factorsencoding genes and antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter spp.…”

Section: Biofilm-forming Capability Of Acinetobacter Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Extensively and Pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. in Nosocomial Infections in Western Saudi Arabia

Al-Ghamdi,

Malak,

Neyaz

et al. 2024

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Multidrug resistance patterns of Acinetobacter spp. have led to their emergence as an important source of nosocomial infections. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Acinetobacter spp. in hospital-acquired wound and urinary tract infections. A total of 432 samples [wound swabs (210) and urine samples (222)] were analyzed for the presence of Acinetobacter spp. through selective culturing on MacConkey and Leeds Acinetobacter medium followed by identification with API 20E strips and Vitek 2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by adopting the disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration procedure was carried out by using a ComASP™ Colistin test kit. Biofilm formation was examined using microtiter plates and following the crystal violet staining method. PCR was performed to amplify virulence (lasB, bap, and plcN) and antimicrobial resistance (blaOXA-51like) genes. The results revealed a low prevalence of Acinetobacter spp. (1.85 %) where Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant species. Acinetobacter baumannii isolates harbored blaOXA-51-like gene to exert extensive or pan-drug resistance. Most Acinetobacter baumannii isolates demonstrated weaker to moderate biofilm-forming capabilities and carried the bap gene. Acinetobacter baumannii isolates lacked the combination of virulence factors encoding lasB and plcN genes. Acinetobacter baumannii infections are rising in Saudi Arabia. The results of this study highlight the epidemiology of virulent and antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter spp., particularly A. baumannii, in Saudi Arabia. The detailed elaboration on the diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter spp. in Saudi Arabia requires further in-depth molecular investigations.

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“…Biofilm formation is a bacterial mechanism that contributes to antibiotic resistance, making infections difficult to treat. Arafa et.al tested the ability of UPEC to produce Biofilms (41). Firstly, it was reported that 56% of the UPEC isolates were unable to form biofilms.…”

Section: Multidrug Resistance: and Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Saudi Arabia

Alreshidi

2024

Preprint

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are a serious healthcare concern that must be treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy. However, antibiotic resistance among UPEC strains is increasing, particularly among individuals with recurrent illness. The proliferation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) generating UPEC, as well as the increase of UPEC strains that display resistance to several antimicrobial drugs, adds to the difficulty of managing UTIs. UPEC strain genetic variants have a significant influence in their capacity to resist antimicrobial agents and adapt to changing environments. Understanding the genomic landscape of developing UPEC strains is critical for understanding the genetic basis of their resistance. Furthermore, tracking these genetic strains is critical for identifying patterns of resistance spread, directing infection control efforts, and educating.

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Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Western Saudi Arabia

Cited by 5 publications

References 75 publications

Association of Virulence Markers With Resistance to Oral Antibiotics in Escherichia coli Isolates Causing Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Cystitis

Association of Virulence Markers With Resistance to Oral Antibiotics in Escherichia coli Isolates Causing Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Cystitis

Prevalence of Extensively and Pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. in Nosocomial Infections in Western Saudi Arabia

Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Saudi Arabia

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