Antimicrobial-resistance Profiles and Virulence Genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Seawater in the Wando Area

Abstract

Sixty-seven Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from surface seawater from the Wando area, on the southern coast of Korea, were analyzed for their susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials and the presence of virulence genes. According to the disk diffusion susceptibility test, all of the strains studied were resistant to ampicillin and oxacillin, while decreasing percentages were resistant to vancomycin (64.2%), streptomycin (56.7%), amikacin (31.3%), kanamycin (22.3%), cephalothin (20.9%), erythromycin (10.4%), ciprofloxacin (4.5%), and tetracycline (3.0%). All of the strains were susceptible to five antimicrobials: chloramphenicol, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, and trimethoprim. Fifty-nine isolates (88.1%) were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial and defined as multidrug resistant, and two strains were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 67 V. parahaemolyticus isolates to ampicillin and oxacillin ranged from 512−2,048 and 64−512 µg/mL, respectively. All 67 isolates were also examined for the presence of the tdh and trh virulence genes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, no isolates possessed either tdh or trh. The VPA0477 (β-lactamase) gene, present in all of the tested strains, was validated as a new specific marker gene in PCR assays for the accurate detection and identification of V. parahaemolyticus.

Genetic Relationship, Virulence Factors, Drug Resistance Profile and Biofilm Formation Ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From Mussel

“…Tetracycline and ciprofloxacin are recommended antibiotics to treat V. parahaemolyticus illnesses ( Park et al, 2018 ). Previous reports performed in South Korea showed the antibiotic susceptibility profile of V. parahaemolyticus isolates in seawater samples and found that 3.0–12.2% of isolates were resistant to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively ( Son et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2014 ). Other studies reported using different antibiotics against V. parahaemolyticus for detecting antibiotic susceptibility ( Han et al, 2012 ; Yang J. H. et al, 2017 ; Park et al, 2018 ).…”

Food-borne outbreaks, distributions, virulence, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Korea from 2003 to 2016: a review

“…All isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin and oxolinic acid, and 88.1% of all strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. However, all isolates were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, trimethoprim, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid (Kim et al 2014).…”

“…According to their results, 23 of 177 isolates were positive for the tdh gene, whereas all strains tested negative for the trh gene. On the other hand, many studies have shown that all V. parahaemolyticus stains isolated from seawater samples collected from the Korean coast were negative for the tdh and trh virulence genes (Lee and Park 2010;Kim et al 2014Kim et al , 2016aPark et al 2016). Yang et al (2017) reported that all 30 V. parahaemolyticus strains and mesozooplankton samples isolated from seawater were negative for the tdh and trh virulence genes.…”

“…The recommended antibiotics to treat V. parahaemolyticus illnesses are tetracycline or ciprofloxacin (CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 2013). Some Korean studies that were carried out to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility profile of V. parahaemolyticus isolates in seawater samples indicated that 3.0-12.2% of isolates were resistant to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin (Son et al 2005;Kim et al 2014).…”

Antimicrobial Resistance and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Isolated from Gomso Bay, Korea

“…, . (Son et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2007;Oh et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2009;Ryu et al, 2010;Yu et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2014;Kang et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2016). , , .…”