Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Phylogenetic Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated in Brazil by Whole Genome Sequencing

Abstract

The objectives of this work were to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to determine the antimicrobial resistance genotypes of 116 Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated in Brazil and to compare it with the results obtained by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). In addition, WGS was used to uncover the phylogenetic relationship among those strains. Results: By AST, the C. jejuni strains resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and erythromycin were 51 (44%), 41 (35.3%), 41 (35.3%), and 6 (5.2%), respectively. By WGS, the genes aph(3¢)III, aadE, bla OXA-449 , bla OXA-184 , bla OXA-61 , and tet(O) were detected in 6 (5.2%), 3 (2.6%), 1 (0.9%), 10 (8.6%), 55 (47.4%), and 44 (38%) strains, respectively. Fifty-four (46.6%) strains showed the mutation T86I in the gyrA gene, and four (3.4%) strains presented the mutation A2075G in the 23S rRNA gene. The correlation between AST and WGS was 100% for ciprofloxacin, 97.5% for tetracyclines, and 66.7% for erythromycin. The whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tree clustered the C. jejuni strains into two clades comprising strains that were highly related from different sources, places, and years. Conclusion: The high rates of C. jejuni strains resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines are of concern and may represent a public health problem. WGS has a potential to be a powerful tool for the prediction of resistance of antibiotics used to treat campylobacteriosis. The results obtained by whole genome SNP analysis suggested the potential for transmission between clinical and nonclinical sources and between human and animal sources over the course of 20 years in Brazil.

Genotypic Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of HumanCampylobacter jejuniIsolates in Southern Spain

“…In the isolate cjeju22_59, the D90N substitution was detected along with the T86I substitution. The percentage of detection of the tet(O) gene, bla OXA-61 , and cmeABC operon aligns with the findings of previous studies conducted in other countries (20, 42, 43). The main gene encoding aminoglycoside resistance genes was ant ( 6 ) -Ia (16.7%), which confers resistance to streptomycin.…”

“…The C257T mutation, which causes the substitution of T68I in the gyrA gene, is the main mechanism of resistance to ciprofloxacin reported in several studies (19, 20, 42, 43). In our study, the T68I substitution was detected in almost 90% of the isolates (Figure 1).…”

Relationships between Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes/Genotypes in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Layer Hens and Eggs in the North of Tunisia: Statistical and Computational Insights

“…The second resistance pathway involves one or more point mutations in the QRDR of the GyrA protein, namely the Thr-86-Ile substitution, which is frequently observed in quinolones/fluoroquinolones-resistant isolates [ 49 ]. The widespread use of a specific fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin) in avian industries has caused the selection and wide dissemination of resistant Campylobacter strains, which explains the rising resistance trend globally [ 50 ]. The world health organization (WHO) classified fluoroquinolones-resistant Campylobacter strains as high-priority pathogens resistant to antibiotics, requiring the development of new antibiotics [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Genomic analysis of the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of clinical Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from Chile

“…In addition, Frazao et al ., recently sequenced and analyzed a collection of 116 C. jejuni strains from Brazil. The collection spanned a period of 20 years and included strains isolated from animal, human, food and environmental sources [53], identifying high levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline and potential transmission from nonclinical sources.…”