Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region/Iraq

Saeed, Ali Yahya; Odeesh, OdeeshYohana; Abdulhafith, KhoshiSalim; Hussein, NawfalRasheed

doi:10.9790/0853-13125104107

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The results showed that the eradication success rate of TMB was 92.9%, which was higher than that of the LBR regimen (62.5%). Previous studies performed in Iraq used molecular techniques and conventional methods to investigate H. pylori sensitivity to antibiotics and reported that clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance rates were 20% and 4%, respectively (6,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levofloxacin-Based Regimen Versus Bismuth Quadruple Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Hussein

Mirkhan

Ramadhan

et al. 2020

Avicenna J Clin Microbiol Infect

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Background Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that infects half of the populations worldwide (1). In addition, it can cause gastric and duodenal ulcer and predispose to individuals gastric adenocarcinoma (2). Further, H. pylori infection is persistent while asymptomatic in most individuals. However, whenever the microorganism is diagnosed, it should be eradicated with the administration of antibiotics and the proton pump inhibitor (3). The determinants of the successful eradication of this microorganism include drug efficacy, bacterial resistance, and the patient's compliance. However, antibiotic resistance is considered as the most common cause of eradication failure and varies in different countries and within different regions of the same country (3), challenging H. pylori eradication and H. pylori-related complication treatment (3). Different variables may play an important role in the treatment failure of H. pylori, including patient characteristics, underlying disease presence, and environmental factors. The recommended course of the treatment includes the combination of amoxicillin plus clarithromycin with a proton pump inhibitor in the majority of international guidelines for the eradication of H. pylori (4, 5). The bismuth-containing quadruple or levofloxacin-based regimen (LBR) is advised for H. pylori eradication if the clarithromycin resistance rate is more than 20%. According to previous research, the clarithromycin resistance rate is 20% in Iraq (6). Nonetheless, no clinical trial study, to the best of our knowledge, has so far investigated the eradication success rates of bismuthcontaining quadruple or LBR in this country. Objectives The aim of our project was to evaluate the effectiveness of levofloxacin versus bismuth-based courses for the eradication of H. pylori.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levofloxacin-Based Regimen Versus Bismuth Quadruple Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Hussein

Mirkhan

Ramadhan

et al. 2020

Avicenna J Clin Microbiol Infect

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“…periodic monitoring of change in sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics is vital [20]. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns have been studied in Kurdistan region of Iraq [21][22][23][24][25][26]. These studies showed that the antibiotic resistance rates are high [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Rates in Gram-positive Uropathogens in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Mohamed

2023

Preprint

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BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections world-wide. Antibiotic resistance is an important medical problem because there is an increasing trend of antibiotic resistance worldwide making it harder to eliminate uropathogens. Antibiotic resistance shows a geographical variation. Hence, local studies are necessary to determine prevalence of uroptahogens among UTI patients. Thus, this study was conducted to determine prevalence of uropathogens among UTI patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from the data of 12 years period from 2010 to 2022 in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, IraqMaterials and methodsThis study was conducted by retrieving 12-year laboratory records between 2010–2022. data were collected from Azadi teaching hospital in Duhok city in Kurdistan region in northern Iraq. uropathogen species were identified by routine laboratory methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed manually and by Vitek-2 automated susceptibility system.ResultsThe results of gram-positive urine pathogens of 249 patients showed Staphylococcus haemolyticus (20.9%) was the most common isolated pathogen, followed by staphylococcus aureus (7.6%), Streptococcus Agalactiae (6.4%) and Enterococcus spp. (6%). S. haemolyticus had highest resistance to nitrofurantoin (61.5%) and lowest amikacin (34.3%). S. aureus showed highest resistance to penicillin 73.3% and highest sensitivity to amikacin (78.9%).in our study, Streptococcus agalactiae had the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (%87.5). 93.3% of enterococcus spp. were resistant to tetracycline.ConclusionUTIs are more common in female than in male and coagulase-negative Staph species (Staphylococcus spp) are the most commonly isolated pathogens. This study found antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics are high. Hence, an urgent plan to control antimicrobial resistance is necessary in our area.

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A Study of Peptic Ulcer and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients Undergoing Upper GIT Endoscopy in Duhok, Kurdistan, Iraq

Dawood,

Naqid,

Hussein

2024

J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci

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Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a multifactorial disease whose global prevalence has reduced over the past years. Objectives: This study aimed to determine PUD's prevalence and risk factors and the associated risk factors behind this disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Duhok, Kurdistan, Iraq, between August 11 and December 17, 2022. A total of 218 patients (116 males and 102 females) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy by specialists at Azadi Teaching Hospital were interviewed face-to-face. The participants' ages ranged between 18 and 81. The upper GIT endoscopy was performed using a PENTAXI-scan 5000-type endoscopy. Results: The prevalence of peptic ulcers among the participants was 30 (13.8%), 27 (12.4%) duodenal ulcers and 3 (1.4%) gastric ulcers. Abdominal pain was the primary complaint, reported by (39%) of the participants, followed by heartburn (28.4%) and vomiting (6.9%). Regarding the risk factors for developing peptic ulcer among the studied cases, NSAID use was the highest risk factor (25.7%), followed by spicy food (21.6%), smoking (20.6%), family history (17%), and Helicobacter pylori infection (12.4%). A significant association was observed between H. pylori (P = 0.001) and gender (P = 0.001) with peptic ulcer. Additionally, (5%) of the participants reported melena as a complication, while only (2.3%) reported hematemesis. Conclusions: This study found that 13.8% of individuals undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy exhibit peptic ulcers, with 12.4% manifesting duodenal ulcers and 1.4% exhibiting gastric ulcers. Identified risk factors for peptic ulcer disease include sex and H. pylori infection. Further research is crucial to thoroughly explore the impact of various factors on the development of PUD.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region/Iraq

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Levofloxacin-Based Regimen Versus Bismuth Quadruple Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Levofloxacin-Based Regimen Versus Bismuth Quadruple Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Antimicrobial Resistance Rates in Gram-positive Uropathogens in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

A Study of Peptic Ulcer and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients Undergoing Upper GIT Endoscopy in Duhok, Kurdistan, Iraq

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